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BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115
judge noun
⇨ judge 1 (a High Court judge) ⇨ judge 2 (the competition judges)judge verb
⇨ judge 1 (judge by appearances) ⇨ judge 2 (judge sb guilty) ⇨ estimate (judge distances)judge1

noun

 a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比賽的裁判員judge ♦︎ magistrate ♦︎ the bench ♦︎ Justice of the Peace ♦︎ JPThese are all words for a person in a court who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how criminals should be punished. 這些詞均表示法官、審判員。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆before a judge / a magistrate / the bench / a Justice of the Peace / a JP◆the local judge / magistrate / bench / Justice of the Peace / JP◆the senior / presiding / district / investigating / chief judge / magistrate◆to appoint sb as a judge / as a magistrate / to the bench / as a Justice of the Peace / as a JP◆to address the judge / bench◆the judge / magistrate / bench hears / grants sth◆a judge / magistrate orders / awards / adjourns / upholds / considers / dismisses / decides / finds sth◆a judge / magistrate sentences sb■ judge [countable] a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions 法官；審判員◆The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.初審法官駁回了她的賠償要求。◆By next year you could be sitting as a High Court judge.明年你就可以擔任高等法院的法官了。◆The case comes before Judge Cooper next week.本案將於下周由庫珀法官來審理。■ magistrate ˈmædʒɪstreɪt [countable] an official who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how people should be punished in the lowest courts of law 地方法官；治安法官◆Ten people are due to appear before magistrates today accused of drugs offences.十個被控毒品犯罪的人今天將在地方法院出庭受審。◆a magistrate's court地方治安法院■ the bench [singular] (law 法律) a judge in court or the seat where he/she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate; the group of judges or magistrates who work in a particular court, type of court or area 法官；法官席位；法官（或地方法官）的職位；審判團◆His lawyer turned to address the bench.他的律師轉身對法官講話。◆She has recently been appointed to the bench.她最近當上了法官。■ ˌJustice of the ˈPeace (plural Justices of the Peace) [countable] (formal) a magistrate 地方法官；治安法官；太平紳士◆In 1579 he was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent.1579年他被任命爲肯特地區的治安法官。NOTE 辨析 Magistrate, Justice of the Peace or JP?The exact use of these terms differs in the legal systems of different countries. In England and Wales Justice of the Peace is just the official title for a magistrate, used especially in historical contexts. In the US a Justice of the Peace is a judge of the lowest level in some state court systems. 這些術語在不同國家的法律體系中用法各不相同。在英格蘭和威爾士，Justice of the Peace僅是magistrate的正式稱謂，尤用於歷史語境中；在美國，Justice of the Peace則是一些州法院體制中最基層的地方法官。■ JP ˌdʒeɪ ˈpiː [countable] the abbreviation for 'Justice of the Peace' 地方法官，治安法官，太平紳士（Justice of the Peace的縮寫）◆Helen Alvey JP海倫•阿爾維治安法官◆She became a JP in 1939.1939年她成爲了一名治安法官。judge2

noun

 a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比賽的裁判員judge ♦︎ referee ♦︎ examiner ♦︎ umpire ♦︎ arbiter ♦︎ moderator ♦︎ refThese are all words for a person whose job or role is to make decisions or give their opinion about sth. 這些詞均表示裁判員、評判員或鑒定人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an independent judge / examiner◆a neutral referee / umpire / arbiter◆the ultimate / sole / final judge / arbiter◆to act as (a) judge / (a) referee / (an) arbiter / (a) moderator◆a judge / a referee / an umpire decides / awards sth◆the judge's / referee's / umpire's / ref's decision■ judge [countable] a person who decides who has won a competition; a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth 裁判員；評判員；鑒定人◆The judges' decision is final.裁判的決定爲最終決定。◆The winner was chosen by a panel of judges.獲勝者由評判小組決定。◆She's a good judge of character.她很善於鑒别人的性格。◆You are the best judge of what your body needs.你的身體需要什麽，你自己最能判定。◆The last singer was the best－not that I'm any judge (= I do not know much about the subject).最後一名歌手最棒－倒不是說我有多懂行。■ referee ˌrefəˈriː [countable](in sports such as football, basketball and boxing) the official who controls the game and makes sure that the rules are not broken （足球、籃球和拳擊等體育運動的）裁判，裁判員◆He was sent off for arguing with the referee.他因爲和裁判發生爭執而被罰出場。◆Graham is a qualified football referee.格雷厄姆是一名取得資格的足球裁判。ⓘ A referee is also a person who reads and checks the quality of a technical article before it is published. * referee還指專業性文章的審訂人◆All papers are sent out to external referees.所有論文都送外審。 ▸ referee

verb

 [intransitive, transitive] ◆a refereeing decision裁判決定◆Who refereed the final / this paper?那場決賽的裁判是誰／這篇論文是誰審閱的？■ examiner [countable] (BrE) a person who writes the questions for, or marks, an exam 主考人；考官◆She was a member of the board of examiners of the college.她曾是學院考試委員會的成員。◆He is a former senior driving examiner.他過去是一名資深的駕照考官。  see also examine ⇨ test verb 2 ■ umpire ˈʌmpaɪə(r) [countable](in sports such as tennis, cricket and baseball) an official who watches a game and makes sure that rules are not broken （網球、板球和棒球等體育運動的）裁判，裁判員◆He received an official warning from the umpire for his conduct.他的行爲受到裁判的正式警告。▸ umpire

verb

 [intransitive, transitive] ◆We need someone to umpire.我們得找個人當裁判。◆to umpire a baseball game / a cricket match擔當棒球／板球比賽的裁判■ arbiter ˈɑːbɪtə(r); NAmE ˈɑːrbɪtər [countable] (formal) a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted 仲裁人；公斷人；裁決人◆The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene.何爲猥亵最終由法律裁決。◆This style would be dismissed as too ornate by contemporary arbiters of taste.當代鑒賞權威人士會以過分華麗爲由摒棄這種式樣。■ moderator ˈmɒdəreɪtə(r); NAmE ˈmɑːdəreɪtər [countable] (especially NAmE) a person whose job is to make sure that a discussion or debate is fair 會議主持；辯論會主席◆The moderator of this week's quiz is Professor Edmund James.本周智力競賽的主持人爲埃德蒙•詹姆斯教授。■ ref [countable] (informal) (in sports such as football and basketball) a referee （足球和籃球等體育運動的）裁判，裁判員◆The game isn't over until the ref blows his whistle.裁判吹響哨子比賽才算結束。judge1

verb

 judge by appearances 憑外表來判斷judge a competition/judge sb guilty 擔任比賽的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upThese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have. 這些詞均表示對某人或某事作出判斷。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sth◆to judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potential◆to judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situation◆to judge / assess / gauge the mood / reaction◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctly◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordingly◆to judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively■ judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判斷；斷定；認爲◆As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他們都有責任。◆Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.從他的話判斷，他非常失望。◆I don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒覺得輪不到你來評判。◆You shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不應憑外表來判斷。◆You shouldn't judge her too harshly.你對她的評判不應太苛刻。◆They judged it wise to say nothing.他們認爲不說爲妙。  see also judgement ⇨ view 1 , judgemental ⇨ critical ■ assess əˈses [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge 評估，評定（性質、能力或質量）◆The new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病號由護理人員作出評估。◆I'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估計你赢的可能性很小。◆The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.該委員會負責評定一棟建築物是否值得保存。  see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 , assessment ⇨ assessment ■ evaluate ɪˈvæljueɪt [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully 評價，評估（數量、價值或質量）◆Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我們的研究試圖對不同藥物的療效進行評估。◆We need to evaluate how well the system is working.我們需要對這個系統的效果作出評價。  see also evaluation ⇨ assessment NOTE 辨析 Assess or evaluate?You usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. You usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. Sometimes either word can be used. * assess通常指按照某種標準評價某人或某事是否令人滿意。evaluate通常指爲更好地理解某人或某事而對其進行評估，以便作出更有依據的決定。有時這兩個詞可以通用◆Candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.會對候選人的獨立思考能力進行評估。In this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. In the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess. 上面的例句所作的是一種評價。在評估人們工作表現的語境中常用evaluate，因爲聽起來更正面些。在評估學生考試成績或課堂表現的語境中通常用assess。   see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用於進行時) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value 評估；評價；估價◆How did you rate her speech?你怎樣評價她的演講？◆The university is highly rated for its research.這所大學的研究工作受到高度評價。◆Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.選民繼續把教育看作是頭等大事之一。  see also rate ⇨ rank verb , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) geɪdʒ [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes 判定，判斷（尤指人的感情或態度）◆He tried to gauge her mood.他試圖揣摩她的心情。◆It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很難判斷她是否在生氣。  see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ ˌsize sb/sth ˈup

phrasal verb

 (rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth 估量；判斷◆He sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就對形勢作出了判斷。◆The children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子們警惕地你看我，我看你，好像在估量對方。judge2

verb

 judge by appearances 憑外表來判斷judge a competition/judge sb guilty 擔任比賽的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ decide ♦︎ adjudicateThese words all mean to make an official decision about sb/sth, for example in a competition or in court. 這些詞均表示在比賽或法庭等正式場合作出評判或判決。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to decide / adjudicate on / in sth◆to judge / decide / adjudicate a case◆to decide / adjudicate a dispute◆to decide / adjudicate (in / on) a matter■ judge [transitive, intransitive] to make an official decision about the result of a competition or about whether sb is guilty or innocent in court; to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them 裁判；審判；評判◆She was asked to judge the essay competition.她獲邀擔任這次散文比賽的評委。◆There will be judging in three age groups.將分三個年齡組來進行評判。◆They could dismiss workers participating in strikes judged to be illegal.他們可能會解僱那些參與被認定爲非法罷工的工人。◆What gives you the right to judge other people?你有什麽權利對别人評頭論足？  see also judgment ⇨ conclusion ■ decide [transitive, intransitive] (law 法律) to make an official or legal judgement 裁決；判決◆The case will be decided by a jury.這個案件將由陪審團裁決。◆He challenged her right as governor to decide on the matter.作爲理事她是否有權決斷此事，他提出了質疑。◆The Appeal Court decided in their favour.上訴法院作出了對他們有利的裁定。◆It is always possible that the judge may decide against you.法官判你敗訴的可能性總是存在。■ adjudicate əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations; to be a judge in a competition 判決，裁決（爭執等）；（比賽中）擔任裁判◆A special subcommittee adjudicates on planning applications.有一個特别小組委員會裁決規劃申請項目。◆Their purpose is to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees.他們的目的是裁決勞資糾紛。◆Who is adjudicating at this year's contest?今年的比賽誰當裁判？   see also arbitrate ⇨ intervene ▸ adjudication

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆The case was referred to a higher court for adjudication.該案已提交上級法院裁決。◆The adjudication will be published tomorrow.裁決將於明日公布。

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