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BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115
judge noun
⇨ judge 1 (a High Court judge) ⇨ judge 2 (the competition judges)judge verb
⇨ judge 1 (judge by appearances) ⇨ judge 2 (judge sb guilty) ⇨ estimate (judge distances)judge1

noun

 a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ magistrate ♦︎ the bench ♦︎ Justice of the Peace ♦︎ JPThese are all words for a person in a court who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how criminals should be punished. 这些词均表示法官、审判员。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆before a judge / a magistrate / the bench / a Justice of the Peace / a JP◆the local judge / magistrate / bench / Justice of the Peace / JP◆the senior / presiding / district / investigating / chief judge / magistrate◆to appoint sb as a judge / as a magistrate / to the bench / as a Justice of the Peace / as a JP◆to address the judge / bench◆the judge / magistrate / bench hears / grants sth◆a judge / magistrate orders / awards / adjourns / upholds / considers / dismisses / decides / finds sth◆a judge / magistrate sentences sb■ judge [countable] a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions 法官；审判员◆The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.初审法官驳回了她的赔偿要求。◆By next year you could be sitting as a High Court judge.明年你就可以担任高等法院的法官了。◆The case comes before Judge Cooper next week.本案将于下周由库珀法官来审理。■ magistrate ˈmædʒɪstreɪt [countable] an official who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how people should be punished in the lowest courts of law 地方法官；治安法官◆Ten people are due to appear before magistrates today accused of drugs offences.十个被控毒品犯罪的人今天将在地方法院出庭受审。◆a magistrate's court地方治安法院■ the bench [singular] (law 法律) a judge in court or the seat where he/she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate; the group of judges or magistrates who work in a particular court, type of court or area 法官；法官席位；法官（或地方法官）的职位；审判团◆His lawyer turned to address the bench.他的律师转身对法官讲话。◆She has recently been appointed to the bench.她最近当上了法官。■ ˌJustice of the ˈPeace (plural Justices of the Peace) [countable] (formal) a magistrate 地方法官；治安法官；太平绅士◆In 1579 he was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent.1579年他被任命为肯特地区的治安法官。NOTE 辨析 Magistrate, Justice of the Peace or JP?The exact use of these terms differs in the legal systems of different countries. In England and Wales Justice of the Peace is just the official title for a magistrate, used especially in historical contexts. In the US a Justice of the Peace is a judge of the lowest level in some state court systems. 这些术语在不同国家的法律体系中用法各不相同。在英格兰和威尔士，Justice of the Peace仅是magistrate的正式称谓，尤用于历史语境中；在美国，Justice of the Peace则是一些州法院体制中最基层的地方法官。■ JP ˌdʒeɪ ˈpiː [countable] the abbreviation for 'Justice of the Peace' 地方法官，治安法官，太平绅士（Justice of the Peace的缩写）◆Helen Alvey JP海伦•阿尔维治安法官◆She became a JP in 1939.1939年她成为了一名治安法官。judge2

noun

 a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ referee ♦︎ examiner ♦︎ umpire ♦︎ arbiter ♦︎ moderator ♦︎ refThese are all words for a person whose job or role is to make decisions or give their opinion about sth. 这些词均表示裁判员、评判员或鉴定人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an independent judge / examiner◆a neutral referee / umpire / arbiter◆the ultimate / sole / final judge / arbiter◆to act as (a) judge / (a) referee / (an) arbiter / (a) moderator◆a judge / a referee / an umpire decides / awards sth◆the judge's / referee's / umpire's / ref's decision■ judge [countable] a person who decides who has won a competition; a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth 裁判员；评判员；鉴定人◆The judges' decision is final.裁判的决定为最终决定。◆The winner was chosen by a panel of judges.获胜者由评判小组决定。◆She's a good judge of character.她很善于鉴别人的性格。◆You are the best judge of what your body needs.你的身体需要什么，你自己最能判定。◆The last singer was the best－not that I'm any judge (= I do not know much about the subject).最后一名歌手最棒－倒不是说我有多懂行。■ referee ˌrefəˈriː [countable](in sports such as football, basketball and boxing) the official who controls the game and makes sure that the rules are not broken （足球、篮球和拳击等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆He was sent off for arguing with the referee.他因为和裁判发生争执而被罚出场。◆Graham is a qualified football referee.格雷厄姆是一名取得资格的足球裁判。ⓘ A referee is also a person who reads and checks the quality of a technical article before it is published. * referee还指专业性文章的审订人◆All papers are sent out to external referees.所有论文都送外审。 ▸ referee

verb

 [intransitive, transitive] ◆a refereeing decision裁判决定◆Who refereed the final / this paper?那场决赛的裁判是谁／这篇论文是谁审阅的？■ examiner [countable] (BrE) a person who writes the questions for, or marks, an exam 主考人；考官◆She was a member of the board of examiners of the college.她曾是学院考试委员会的成员。◆He is a former senior driving examiner.他过去是一名资深的驾照考官。  see also examine ⇨ test verb 2 ■ umpire ˈʌmpaɪə(r) [countable](in sports such as tennis, cricket and baseball) an official who watches a game and makes sure that rules are not broken （网球、板球和棒球等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆He received an official warning from the umpire for his conduct.他的行为受到裁判的正式警告。▸ umpire

verb

 [intransitive, transitive] ◆We need someone to umpire.我们得找个人当裁判。◆to umpire a baseball game / a cricket match担当棒球／板球比赛的裁判■ arbiter ˈɑːbɪtə(r); NAmE ˈɑːrbɪtər [countable] (formal) a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted 仲裁人；公断人；裁决人◆The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene.何为猥亵最终由法律裁决。◆This style would be dismissed as too ornate by contemporary arbiters of taste.当代鉴赏权威人士会以过分华丽为由摒弃这种式样。■ moderator ˈmɒdəreɪtə(r); NAmE ˈmɑːdəreɪtər [countable] (especially NAmE) a person whose job is to make sure that a discussion or debate is fair 会议主持；辩论会主席◆The moderator of this week's quiz is Professor Edmund James.本周智力竞赛的主持人为埃德蒙•詹姆斯教授。■ ref [countable] (informal) (in sports such as football and basketball) a referee （足球和篮球等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆The game isn't over until the ref blows his whistle.裁判吹响哨子比赛才算结束。judge1

verb

 judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upThese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have. 这些词均表示对某人或某事作出判断。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sth◆to judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potential◆to judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situation◆to judge / assess / gauge the mood / reaction◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctly◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordingly◆to judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively■ judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判断；断定；认为◆As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他们都有责任。◆Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断，他非常失望。◆I don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。◆You shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。◆You shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。◆They judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。  see also judgement ⇨ view 1 , judgemental ⇨ critical ■ assess əˈses [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge 评估，评定（性质、能力或质量）◆The new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病号由护理人员作出评估。◆I'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估计你赢的可能性很小。◆The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.该委员会负责评定一栋建筑物是否值得保存。  see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 , assessment ⇨ assessment ■ evaluate ɪˈvæljueɪt [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully 评价，评估（数量、价值或质量）◆Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。◆We need to evaluate how well the system is working.我们需要对这个系统的效果作出评价。  see also evaluation ⇨ assessment NOTE 辨析 Assess or evaluate?You usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. You usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. Sometimes either word can be used. * assess通常指按照某种标准评价某人或某事是否令人满意。evaluate通常指为更好地理解某人或某事而对其进行评估，以便作出更有依据的决定。有时这两个词可以通用◆Candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.会对候选人的独立思考能力进行评估。In this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. In the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess. 上面的例句所作的是一种评价。在评估人们工作表现的语境中常用evaluate，因为听起来更正面些。在评估学生考试成绩或课堂表现的语境中通常用assess。   see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value 评估；评价；估价◆How did you rate her speech?你怎样评价她的演讲？◆The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学的研究工作受到高度评价。◆Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.选民继续把教育看作是头等大事之一。  see also rate ⇨ rank verb , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) geɪdʒ [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes 判定，判断（尤指人的感情或态度）◆He tried to gauge her mood.他试图揣摩她的心情。◆It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很难判断她是否在生气。  see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ ˌsize sb/sth ˈup

phrasal verb

 (rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth 估量；判断◆He sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就对形势作出了判断。◆The children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子们警惕地你看我，我看你，好像在估量对方。judge2

verb

 judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ decide ♦︎ adjudicateThese words all mean to make an official decision about sb/sth, for example in a competition or in court. 这些词均表示在比赛或法庭等正式场合作出评判或判决。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to decide / adjudicate on / in sth◆to judge / decide / adjudicate a case◆to decide / adjudicate a dispute◆to decide / adjudicate (in / on) a matter■ judge [transitive, intransitive] to make an official decision about the result of a competition or about whether sb is guilty or innocent in court; to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them 裁判；审判；评判◆She was asked to judge the essay competition.她获邀担任这次散文比赛的评委。◆There will be judging in three age groups.将分三个年龄组来进行评判。◆They could dismiss workers participating in strikes judged to be illegal.他们可能会解雇那些参与被认定为非法罢工的工人。◆What gives you the right to judge other people?你有什么权利对别人评头论足？  see also judgment ⇨ conclusion ■ decide [transitive, intransitive] (law 法律) to make an official or legal judgement 裁决；判决◆The case will be decided by a jury.这个案件将由陪审团裁决。◆He challenged her right as governor to decide on the matter.作为理事她是否有权决断此事，他提出了质疑。◆The Appeal Court decided in their favour.上诉法院作出了对他们有利的裁定。◆It is always possible that the judge may decide against you.法官判你败诉的可能性总是存在。■ adjudicate əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations; to be a judge in a competition 判决，裁决（争执等）；（比赛中）担任裁判◆A special subcommittee adjudicates on planning applications.有一个特别小组委员会裁决规划申请项目。◆Their purpose is to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees.他们的目的是裁决劳资纠纷。◆Who is adjudicating at this year's contest?今年的比赛谁当裁判？   see also arbitrate ⇨ intervene ▸ adjudication

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆The case was referred to a higher court for adjudication.该案已提交上级法院裁决。◆The adjudication will be published tomorrow.裁决将于明日公布。

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