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BNC: 1878 COCA: 3938
servant

noun

servant ♦︎ maid ♦︎ housekeeper ♦︎ butler ♦︎ cleaner ♦︎ footman ♦︎ valetThese are all words for a person who works in another person's house, and cooks and cleans for them or serves them in some other way. 这些词均表示仆人、管家。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a personal servant / maid◆a live-in maid / housekeeper◆to have a servant / maid / housekeeper / butler / cleaner / footman / valet■ servant [countable] a person who works in another person's house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for them 仆人；佣人◆She got a job as a domestic servant.她找到一份做家仆的工作。◆They treat their mother like a servant.他们对待自己的母亲像对待佣人一样。ⓘ Servant is usually only used to talk about people who did this work in the past, or people who work for extremely rich or noble families in modern times. It would be considered offensive to call sb who cooks or cleans for an ordinary family a servant. * servant通常仅指旧时的仆人或佣人，或指现代富豪或贵族家庭中干活的人。把在普通家庭中帮忙做饭或清洁的人称作servant，会被认为是冒犯。■ maid [countable] a female servant in a house or hotel 女仆；侍女；（旅馆的）女服务员◆She was a lady's maid to Lady Fleetham.她是弗利特姆夫人的侍女。◆There is a maid to do the housework.有个女仆做家务活。◆The maid was changing the sheets when we got back to our room.我们回到房间时女服务员正在换床单。ⓘ Like servant, maid is used to talk about a person who did this work in the past, or sb who works for a rich or noble family in modern times. However, maid or chambermaid is also used to talk about a girl or woman who cleans rooms in a hotel or holiday home. 与servant一样，maid通常仅指旧时的女仆或侍女，或指现代富豪或贵族家庭中干活的女人。不过，maid或chambermaid也用于指在旅馆或度假别墅打扫房间的女工。■ housekeeper ˈhaʊskiːpə(r) [countable] a person, usually a woman, whose job is to manage the shopping, cooking, cleaning, etc. in a house or institution 管家，杂务主管（通常为女性）◆Miss Mack had been housekeeper at the Hall for many years.麦克小姐已在大宅里当了多年的管家。■ butler [countable] the main male servant in a large house 男管家◆The butler announced that dinner was served.管家通报说晚餐端上桌了。■ cleaner [countable] a person whose job is to clean other people's houses or offices, etc. 清洁工◆I met him while I was working as a cleaner in a hospital.我是在医院做清洁工时遇见他的。■ footman ˈfʊtmən [countable] a male servant in a house in the past, who opened the door to visitors, served food at table, etc. （旧时宅院的）男仆，门房，侍者◆She summoned a footman, who duly arrived.她召唤男仆，男仆马上就来了。NOTE 辨析 Butler or footman?The butler is the chief male servant of a household who is in charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services; a footman is a person, especially in the past, who wore a uniform and opened doors for people. A footman sometimes served at the table as well. * butler指家庭的男管家，负责管理其他雇工、接待客人、安排膳食，以及打理各种私人事务；footman尤指旧时身着制服专门负责开门的人。footman有时也在餐桌旁服务。■ valet ˈvæleɪ, ˈvælɪt, NAmE also væˈleɪ [countable] a man's personal servant who takes care of his clothes, serves his meals, etc. （照管男主人衣食等的）贴身仆人，仆从◆His valet brought him his letters.他的贴身仆人给他送来了信件。ⓘ In modern American English a valet is a person who parks your car for you at a hotel or restaurant. 在现代美式英语中，valet指在旅馆或饭店为顾客停车的服务员◆Do they have valet parking?他们有代客泊车的服务吗？

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