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BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demandverb [ T ]uk/dɪˈmɑːnd/ us/dɪˈmænd/

demand verb [ T ] REQUEST

B1 to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused坚决请求，强烈要求；强要

I demanded an explanation.我要求给我一个解释。
The union is demanding a seven percent pay rise this year.工会要求今年加薪7%。
He has always demanded the highest standards of behaviour from his children.他总是以最高的行为准则来要求自己的孩子。
[ + speech ] "And where do you think you're going?" demanded the police officer.“你觉得自己在朝哪里走？”警察问道。
[ + to infinitive ] I demand to see the manager.我要求见经理。
[ + that ] She demanded that he return the books he borrowed from her.她要求他把从她那里借走的书还回来。

More examples

We demand freedom from injustice/persecution .

It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan.

I think I'm quite within my rights to demand a full refund.

Carrying a gun, he walked up to the cashier and demanded money.

She strode purposefully up to the desk and demanded to speak to the manager.

demand verb [ T ] NEED

B2 to need something such as time, effort, or a particular quality需要，要求（时间、精力、特定数量等）

This is a very difficult piece of music to play - it demands a lot of concentration.这段乐曲很难演奏——需要注意力高度集中。
He seems to lack many of the qualities demanded of (= needed by) a successful politician.他似乎缺少成功政治家所应具备的很多素质。
demandnounuk/dɪˈmɑːnd/ us/dɪˈmænd/

demand noun REQUEST

B1 [ C ] a strong request强烈的要求，坚决的请求

You can't give in to children's demands all the time.你不能总是对孩子们的要求作出让步。
The government is unlikely to agree to the rebels' demands for independence.政府不可能同意叛乱者提出的独立要求。
UK They received a final demand (= a last request) for payment.他们收到了要求付款的最后通牒。

More examples

There's increasing demand for cars which are more economical on fuel.

Low consumer demand has forced us to mark down a wide range of goods, sometimes by as much as 30%.

You can see why they refused her demand for a pay rise, but I suppose it was perfectly reasonable for her to ask.

The party leader resisted demands for his resignation.

The unions intend to call a strike if management will not agree to their demands.

demand noun NEED

B2 [ C or U ] a need for something to be sold or supplied需求

There was little demand for tickets.很少有人来买票。
Good teachers are always in (great) demand (= are always needed).社会总是需要（大量的）优秀教师。
demands [ plural ]

the difficult things that you have to do（困难的）要求

The demands of nursing are too great for a lot of people.护理工作的要求之高令很多人都难以承受。
His new job makes a lot of demands on him (= he has to work very hard).新工作对他要求很高。

Idiom(s)

on demand
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand

noun¹

 1firm request堅決的要求ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEMAND | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤legitimate, realistic, reasonable正當／合乎實際的／合理的要求◇I think your demand for a higher salary is perfectly reasonable.我認為你加薪的要求完全合理。➤outrageous, unrealistic, unreasonable過分的／不切實際的／不合理的要求➤non-negotiable沒有商量餘地的要求▸➤radical過激的要求▸➤urgent緊急的要求▸➤central, key, main, major主要要求▸➤fresh, new, renewed新要求；再次提出的要求◇There have been new demands for the government to take action to reduce crime.出現了呼籲政府採取行動減少犯罪的新要求。➤final最後要求◇A final demand for payment had been issued.要求付款的最後通知已經發出。➤written書面要求▸➤financial, political資金／政治要求▸➤opposition, popular, public, union反對派／大眾／公眾／工會的要求◇The management had no intention of meeting union demands.管理層不打算答應工會的要求。➤pay, ransom, salary, tax, wage (especially BrE) 薪金／贖金／薪水／納稅／工資要求◇A ransom demand has been made for the kidnapped racehorse.被綁架的賽馬已遭勒索贖金。VERB + DEMAND➤issue, make, present, press, put forward發出／作出／提交／強制／提出要求◇Demands have been made for the immediate distribution of food to the refugees.已經要求立即把食物發放給難民。➤renew, repeat, step up重申／重複／逐步提高要求◇Campaigners have stepped up their demands for immediate government action.活動人士逐步提高要求，呼籲政府立即行動。➤face面對要求▸➤respond to對要求作出回應▸➤accommodate, agree to, give in to, meet, satisfy, yield to迎合／同意／遷就／答應／滿足／依從要求◇The government cannot give in to the demands of an illegal organization.政府不能向一個非法組織的要求讓步。➤refuse, reject, resist拒絕／駁回／抵制要求◇The reporter refused their demand that he reveal his sources.那名記者拒絕了他們讓其透漏消息來源的要求。PREPOSITION➤on demand一經要求◇Campaigners insist that abortion should be available on demand.活動人士堅持認為人工流產應該有求必應。➤demand for, demand from⋯的要求；來自⋯的要求◇demands from the opposition for a recount of the votes反對黨提出的重新計算選票的要求
demand

noun²

 2need/desire for goods/services對商品、服務的需求或欲望ADJECTIVE | ... OF DEMAND | VERB + DEMAND | DEMAND + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, buoyant, considerable, enormous, great, heavy, high, huge, insatiable, peak, strong, unprecedented大量的需求；保持高位的需求；相當大的需求；極大的需求；無法滿足的需求；達到巔峰的需求；強大的需求；空前的需求◇Demand for the product is enormous.這種產品需求很大。◇There's always a great demand for our soups in winter.冬天人們對我們的湯的需求量總是很大。➤burgeoning, escalating, ever-increasing, growing, increased, increasing, rising, soaring, surging日益擴大的／逐步上升的／不斷增長的／越來越大的／增加了的／正在增長的／上升的／劇增的／急劇上升的需求▸➤excess, extra過分的／額外的需求▸➤constant, steady持續的／穩定的需求◇She is in constant demand to make public appearances and give interviews.她不斷地被邀約公開亮相，接受採訪。➤changing, fluctuating, seasonal變化着的／波動的／季節性需求▸➤current, future當前／未來需求▸➤latent, likely, pent-up, potential, projected隱藏的／可能的／被抑制的／潛在的／預計的需求▸➤overall, total整體需求；總需求◇We can estimate that total market demand for electrical goods will rise by 8%.我們可以估計電器產品的市場總需求會上升 8%。➤declining, falling, limited, low, reduced, slowing, sluggish衰退的／下降的／有限的／低迷的／縮減的／放慢的／停滯的需求▸➤consumer, customer, market, popular, public消費者／顧客／市場／民眾／公眾需求◇By popular demand, the play will run for another week.應廣大觀眾要求，這部戲將再演一星期。➤domestic, export, foreign, global, local, world, worldwide國內／出口／國外／全球／當地／世界性／國際需求◇The slowdown in domestic demand was offset by an increase in exports.國內需求的放緩通過出口的增長得到了彌補。➤electricity, energy, housing, labour/labor, etc.電力、能源、住房、勞動力等需求... OF DEMAND➤level需求水平◇a high level of demand需求水平高VERB + DEMAND➤accommodate, cope with, fulfil/fulfill, handle, meet, satisfy, supply應對需要；滿足需求；處理需求；迎合需求；供應需求的貨物◇The factories are staying open to meet the consumer demand for this product.工廠一直開工以滿足消費者對這一產品的需求。➤create, drive, generate創造／推動／產生需求◇It is the job of the marketing manager to create demand for the new product.為新產品創造需求是營銷經理的職責。➤boost, fuel, increase, spur, stimulate提高／推動／增加／激勵／刺激需求◇Low interest rates are fuelling / fueling demand for credit.低利率刺激着貸款需求。➤reduce降低需求▸➤exceed, outstrip超過需求◇Supply normally exceeds demand for the bulk of consumer goods.一般來說，大宗消費品都供過於求。➤forecast預測需求◇It can be difficult to forecast demand in the construction industry.有時很難預測建築業的需求。DEMAND + VERB➤grow, increase, rise需求增長／增加／上升◇Demand for personal computers has risen sharply.個人電腦需求急劇增長。➤decline, fall, slow, slow down需求下降／下跌／放慢／減緩◇As demand slows, the need to export will return.隨着需求放緩，出口的需要將回歸。➤exceed, outstrip需求超過◇In the housing market, demand is outstripping supply.住房市場供不應求。PREPOSITION➤in demand非常需要的；受歡迎的◇These old machines are still in demand.這些舊機器仍然有很大需求。➤demand among⋯中的需求◇the potential demand among children兒童中的潛在需求➤demand for對⋯的需求◇increased demand for health products保健產品需求的增長➤demand from來自⋯的需求◇the demand from consumers消費者的需求➤demand on在⋯方面的需求◇This section of the population makes a high demand on health-care resources.這部份人口對保健資源有很大需求。PHRASES➤supply and demand供求◇the law of supply and demand供求規律  ➡ topic at business
demand

noun³

 3demands difficult/tiring things you have to do不得不做的困難的事情；必須做的累人的事情ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEMANDS | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, excessive, extra, great, heavy, high, impossible相當高的／繁多的／過多的／額外的／極大的／大量的／很高的／達不到的要求◇I think the demands of this job are excessive.我覺得這項工作的要求過高。➤exacting, pressing嚴格的／迫切的要求▸➤growing, increasing不斷增長的／越來越多的要求➤changing不斷變化的要求◇Teacher training has to evolve to meet the changing demands of the profession.教師培訓必須改進，以滿足這一職業不斷變化的需求。➤competing, conflicting, contradictory相互矛盾的要求▸➤day-to-day, everyday日常要求◇the day-to-day demands of the job這項工作的日常要求➤external外來要求◇The person who cannot say no to others' requests is likely to be overwhelmed by external demands.不會對別人的要求說“不”的人很可能被外來要求所壓倒。➤economic, emotional, financial, physical, practical, sexual, social, technical經濟／感情／金融／體力／實際／性生活／社會／技術需求◇The emotional demands of the job can be overwhelming.這項工作會有極大的情感需求。VERB + DEMANDS➤impose, make, place強加／作出／提出要求◇My elderly parents make a lot of demands on me.我年老的父母對我提出很多要求。➤fulfil/fulfill, respond to滿足／回應要求◇We must prepare children to respond to the demands of work.我們必須要讓孩子做好準備以適應工作的需求。➤accommodate, cope with, handle迎合／應對／處理要求◇How do they cope with the conflicting demands of work and family life?他們怎樣平衡工作需求和家庭生活需求之間的矛盾？➤balance, juggle平衡／同時應付幾種要求◇Juggling the daily demands of career and family is rewarding, but never easy.處理好事業和家庭的需求是有益的，但絕非易事。PREPOSITION➤demand on, demand upon對⋯的要求◇My work seems to make more and more demands on my time.工作似乎要佔用我越來越多的時間。
demand

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤angrily, coldly, furiously, harshly, impatiently, indignantly, irritably, roughly, sharply生氣地／冷冷地／怒沖沖地／嚴厲地／不耐煩地／憤怒地／急躁地／粗暴地／語氣尖刻地質問◇'Where are the keys?' she demanded angrily.“鑰匙在哪兒 ? ”她生氣地問道。➤loudly大聲地質問PREPOSITION➤from向⋯要求◇He had demanded money from her.他向她要錢。➤of對⋯要求◇They failed to provide the information demanded of them.他們沒有提供索要的信息。
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand verb
⇨ demand (demand an answer) ⇨ ask 1 (‘Where were you?’ he demanded.)demand noun
⇨ demand (demand for a product) ⇨ pressure 1 (the demands of work) ⇨ request (a demand for higher pay) ⇨ in demand ⇨ popular adj. demand

noun

demand ♦︎ market ♦︎ a run on sth ♦︎ (no) call for sthThese are all words for the number of people who want to buy goods or services. 这些词均表示顾客对货物或服务的需求。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆demand / a market / (no) call for sth◆(a) big / buoyant / huge / growing / steady / changing / current / potential / total / falling demand / market◆(the) consumer / domestic / local / export / foreign / worldwide demand / market◆to create demand / a market◆to stimulate / boost / increase demand / the market■ demand [uncountable, singular] (especially business 尤用于商业) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顾客对货物或服务的）需求◆We are struggling to meet the demand for the product.我们正努力满足对该产品的需求。◆Demand is exceeding supply.供不应求。◆There's an increased demand for organic produce these days.现在人们对有机农产品有更大的需求。■ market [singular] (business 商业) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顾客对货物或服务的）需求；市场◆The second-hand car market is declining.二手汽车市场正在萎缩。◆There's not much of a market for black and white televisions nowadays.黑白电视机现在没多少市场了。   see also market ⇨ market 1 NOTE 辨析 Demand or market?These words have the same basic meaning, but demand is a more general term, and market is a more specialist business term. 这两个词基本含义相同，但demand含义更广，market是较专业的商业用语。They have different grammar and collocation patterns: people talk about the housing/labour market and different product markets, but demand for housing/labour/a product. You can create demand/a market, but you meet/satisfy/increase demand and supply/expand the market. You influence/forecast demand but find/identify a market. People talk about a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand but a slump/recovery in the market. 两者各有不同的语法和搭配模式，可以说the housing/labour market和product markets，但说demand for housing/labour/a product；可以说create demand/a market，但说meet/satisfy/increase demand和supply/expand the market；可以说influence/forecast demand，但说find/identify a market；可以说a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand，但说a slump/recovery in the market。When a business has trouble producing enough goods because so many people want them, people talk about demand rather than the market. 当企业无法提供足够产品满足顾客的需求时，所用术语为demand而非market◆We're struggling to meet the market. ◆The market exceeds supply. ■ a run on sth

phrase

 (business 商业) a sudden demand for sth by a lot of people 抢购；争购；需求突增◆There's been a run on the dollar.人们纷纷抢兑美元。◆When the new currency measures were announced there was a run on the bank (= a lot of people suddenly took their money out of the bank).新货币措施公布后，人们争相到银行提取现金。ⓘ Run is often found in financial contexts, but a shop or business might experience a run on anything, for example sun cream, petrol or red roses, especially when sth happens, such as a change in the weather, to create a sudden demand. * run常用于金融语境，但也指对任何商品的抢购，如防晒霜、汽油或红玫瑰，尤其是当某事发生，如天气变化，从而造成某种需求突增。■ (no) call for sth

phrase

 [singular] (rather informal) the desire or need of customers for goods or services （对货物或服务的）需要，需求◆There isn't a lot of call for small specialist shops nowadays.如今对小型专卖店已没有多大需求了。 demand

verb

  ➡ See also the entry for ask 2 另见ask条第2义demand ♦︎ require ♦︎ expect ♦︎ insist ♦︎ press (sb) for sth ♦︎ ask ♦︎ stipulate ♦︎ clamour ♦︎ hold out for sth ♦︎ exactThese words all mean to say that sb should do or have sth. 这些词均表示强烈要求做某事或得到某物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to demand / require / expect / ask / exact sth from sb◆to demand / require / expect / ask sth of sb◆to ask / press / clamour / hold out for sth◆to demand / require / expect / insist / ask / stipulate that...◆to require / expect / ask sb to do sth◆to demand / require / expect / insist on high standards◆to demand / require / expect / ask a lot / too much / a great deal◆to be too much to expect / ask■ demand [transitive] to ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth 强烈要求（得到某物）；坚决要求（某人做某事）◆She demanded an immediate explanation.她强烈要求立即作出解释。◆The group demands a high level of loyalty from its members.该组织要求其成员高度忠诚。◆The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.联合国已要求撤出所有部队。◆They demanded to see the ambassador.他们坚决要求与大使会面。  see also demand ⇨ request noun ■ require [transitive, often passive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards （尤指法律、规章或标准）规定做（某事），要求取得（某物）◆The wearing of seat belts is required by law.法律规定必须系安全带。◆Several students failed to reach the required standard.有几名学生没有达到规定的标准。◆'Hamlet' is required reading (= must be read) for the class.《哈姆雷特》是这门课的必读作品。  see also requirement ⇨ condition ■ expect [transitive] to demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility 要求，指望（尤因义务或责任）◆Are you clear about what is expected of you?你清楚大家对你的期望吗？◆Don't expect too much from him.不要对他期望过高。◆They expected all their children to be high achievers.他们期望自己所有的孩子都大有作为。◆I expect to be paid promptly for the work.我要求即时付工钱。▸ expectation

noun

 [countable, usually plural] ◆Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.有些父母对孩子有不切实际的期望。◆Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.遗憾的是这种新软件没有达到期望。■ insist ɪnˈsɪst [intransitive, transitive] to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth 坚决要求；坚持◆I didn't want to go but he insisted.我并不想去，可他硬要我去。◆We insist on the highest standards at all times.我们始终坚持最高标准。◆ (spoken) Stay and have lunch. I insist!留下来吃午饭吧，就这么定了！◆'Please come with us.' 'All right, if you insist.'“请跟我们一起来吧。”“好吧，既然你执意要我去，我就去。”◆The company insisted that the money be paid immediately.公司坚持要求马上付款。ⓘ The phrasal verb insist on/upon sth also means 'to demand sth and refuse to be persuaded to accept anything else'. 短语动词insist on/upon sth也表示“坚持要求⋯”◆We insisted on a refund of the full amount.我们坚持要求全额退款。 ▸ insistence

noun

 [uncountable] ◆their insistence on strict standards of behaviour他们对行为坚持要求严格标准◆At her insistence, the matter was dropped.在她的坚持下，这件事被搁置了。■ ˈpress for sth■ ˈpress sb for sth

phrasal verb

to keep asking for sth in a determined way 不断催促；强烈要求◆They are pressing for a change in the law.他们正促请修改法律。◆The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.银行在催我们还贷。   see also press ⇨ press 2 ■ ask [transitive] to expect or demand sth 期望；要求◆I know I'm asking a great deal.我知道我的要求很高。◆You're asking too much of him.你对他要求得过分了。◆It's asking a lot to expect them to win again.期望他们再次获胜未免要求太高了。NOTE 辨析 Demand, expect or ask? Ask is not as strong as demand or expect, both of which can be more like a command. * ask不如demand和expect语气强烈，后两个词更像命令。■ stipulate [transitive] (formal) to state firmly and clearly that sth must be done, or how it must be done 明确要求；规定◆A delivery date is stipulated in the contract.合同中规定了交货日期。◆The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant must have teaching experience.招聘广告明确要求申请人必须有教学经验。■ clamour (BrE) (NAmE clamor) ˈklæmə(r) [intransitive] (rather formal, written) to demand sth loudly 大声要求；吵闹着要求◆People began to clamour for his resignation.人们开始大声疾呼要求他辞职。◆Everyone was clamouring to know how much they would get.每个人都吵闹着想知道自己能得到多少。■ ˌhold ˈout for sth

phrasal verb

(held, held) [no passive] to refuse to accept less than what you are asking for, especially when this causes a delay in reaching an agreement 坚持得到⋯而不肯让步（尤指会拖延协议的达成）◆They are holding out for a 10% raise.他们非要加薪10%不可。■ exact [transitive] (formal) to demand and get sth from sb 要求；索取◆She was determined to exact a promise from him.她决意要他作出承诺。
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand
Requests and demands: demand, request, appeal...
Important thing or detail: feature, priority, element...
Feelings of want and desire: desire, wish, urge...
General words for numbers, amounts and quantities: accumulation, allocation, allowance...
To ask someone to give you something: ask for, request, insist on something...
To ask a question or questions: ask, question, demand...
To need something: need, require, cry out for...

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