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TOEFL BNC: 7321 COCA: 13769

penal adjective PUNISHMENT

[ before noun ] of or relating to punishment given by law刑罚的;惩诫(性)的

Many people believe that execution has no place in the penal system of a civilized society.许多人认为文明社会的刑罚制度中不应有死刑。
He had been in and out of penal institutions (= prison) from the age of 16.他自16岁起多次被捕入狱。

penal adjective CAUSING DISADVANTAGE

UK having a harmful effect; causing disadvantage产生有害影响的;使处于不利地位的;苛刻的

They complained about the penal and counter-productive tax rates.他们抱怨税率繁重、不利生产。
Employees regarded the childcare charges as penal.员工们认为托儿费很苛刻。
TOEFL BNC: 7321 COCA: 13769
TOEFL BNC: 7321 COCA: 13769
TOEFL BNC: 7321 COCA: 13769
penal
Words used to describe punishments: carry, commutable, disciplinary...

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