solid ♦︎ stiff ♦︎ rigid ♦︎ firm ♦︎ hardThese words all describe things that are not soft to touch or are difficult to bend, break or move.这些词均表示坚硬的、结实的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆solid / stiff / rigid material◆a solid / firm / hard surface◆firm / hard ground◆to go stiff / hard■solidnot in the form of a liquid or gas; not soft; difficult to bend, break or move固体的;坚硬的;结实的;牢固的◆It was so cold that the stream had frozen solid.天气特别冷,小河冻得严严实实的。◆The boiler uses solid fuel(= not oil or gas).这种锅炉使用固体燃料。◆She had refused all solid food(= would not eat, only drink).所有固体食物她都不肯吃。◆The door was solid as rock.那扇门坚如磐石。OPPliquid ⇨ material see also solid ⇨ pureadj.1, solid ⇨ materialnoun■stiffnot easy to fold or change in shape不易折叠(或变形)的;硬的;挺的◆a sheet of stiff black cardboard一张黑色硬纸板◆Scrub away any residue with a stiff brush.用硬刷子把残留物擦洗掉。ⓘ People or parts of the body can be stiff if their muscles hurt when they move them, often because of cold. * stiff可指人的全身或身体某一部位因寒冷等而僵硬,活动时肌肉会疼痛◆I felt stiff all over.我觉得浑身酸痛。◆I've got a stiff neck from sleeping in a draught.我睡觉时受了风,脖子发僵。◆My fingers had gone stiff with cold.我的手指已经冻僵了。 see also stiff ⇨ tight■rigid ˈrɪdʒɪd difficult to bend or press out of shape坚硬的;不易弯曲的;僵直的◆Sandwiches are best packed in a rigid container.三明治最好用硬盒包装。◆The material is rigid and brittle.这种材料质地坚硬而且易碎。ⓘ People can go rigid with fear, anger or some other emotion. * rigid可指人因害怕、生气或其他情感而身体僵直◆His body suddenly went rigid with fear.他吓得突然浑身发僵。OPPflexible ⇨ flexible2■firm (approving) not soft; not easy to press into another shape坚固的;坚硬的;结实的◆It was good to feel the firm ground underfoot.脚下踩着坚硬的土地,那种感觉真好。◆four large tomatoes, ripe but firm四个大西红柿,熟了却还很硬◆Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.把糕饼烤到摸来有硬感为止。OPPsoft ⇨ soft see also firm ⇨ firm, firm ⇨ tight■hardnot soft; impossible to press into another shape坚硬的;坚固的;不易变形的◆Wait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。◆a hard bench / chair硬板凳;硬椅子◆The ground is still rock-hard.地面仍然极其坚硬。OPPsoft ⇨ softNOTE辨析 Firm or hard?Hard things are harder than firm things. Hard can mean 'very hard' * hard比firm的硬度大。hard可表示非常硬◆Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知最坚硬的矿物。or 'too hard'.或表示太硬◆a hard mattress一张硬梆梆的床垫Firm is always a positive word: a hard mattress is a bad thing, but a firm mattress is good. * firm总是含有肯定意义:hard mattress是不好的,而firm mattress则是好的。
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