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IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360
failure

noun¹

 1lack of success沒有成功ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + NOUN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, total徹底的／完全的失敗▸➤abject, humiliating不光彩的失敗◇The attempt ended in abject failure.這一嘗試以不光彩的失敗告終。➤inevitable不可避免的失敗▸➤costly代價慘重的失敗▸➤alleged, apparent, perceived所謂的／表面上的／領悟到的失敗▸➤relative相對的失敗▸➤initial最初的失敗◇Initial failure was followed by unexpected, if modest, success.最初的失敗之後是意想不到的成功，即便並不輝煌。➤ultimate最終的失敗◇War is the ultimate failure of public communication.戰爭是政府溝通最終失敗的結果。➤personal個人的失敗▸➤moral道德敗壞▸➤academic學業失敗▸➤economic, financial經濟／金融失敗▸➤military軍事上的失敗VERB + FAILURE➤be doomed to, end in, result in注定失敗；以失敗告終；導致失敗◇All her efforts were doomed to failure.她付出的所有努力注定會失敗。➤admit, tolerate承認／容忍失敗◇He was too proud to admit failure.他太驕傲了，不願認輸。◇I will not tolerate failure .我不會容忍失敗。➤lament為失敗而痛惜◇He lamented his failure to formulate a satisfactory theory.他為自己未能創立令人滿意的理論而痛惜不已。➤explain解釋失敗的原因➤attribute, blame將失敗歸因於⋯／歸咎於⋯◇He attributes the failure of the project to lack of government support.他把這一項目的失敗歸因於缺乏政府的支持。◇I blame the failure of our relationship on my husband.我把我們關係的破裂歸咎於我的丈夫。➤expect預料到會失敗◇Children who are doing badly tend to expect failure and criticism.成績不好的孩子往往容易想到失敗和受批評。➤fear害怕失敗▸➤avoid避免失敗FAILURE + NOUN➤rate失敗率◇There is a high failure rate with this treatment.這種治療的失敗率很高。PHRASES➤fear of failure害怕失敗◇Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.不應該因為害怕失敗而放棄嘗試。➤a history of failure不成功的歷史◇John had a long history of academic failure.約翰學習成績差不是一天兩天了。➤a possibility of failure, a risk of failure失敗的可能／風險➤a sense of failure挫敗感
failure

noun²

 2unsuccessful person/thing失敗的人或事ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big, great, serious巨大的／重大的／嚴重的失敗▸➤complete, total, utter完全失敗；徹底失敗▸➤catastrophic, disastrous災難性的失敗▸➤abject, conspicuous, dismal, humiliating, lamentable, miserable不光彩的／觸目的／悲慘的／帶來恥辱的／令人惋惜的／可憐的失敗（者）▸➤costly代價巨大的失敗▸➤heroic (BrE) 有勇氣的失敗者◇If she could not succeed, she would at least be a heroic failure.即使不能成功，她至少也是一位有勇氣的失敗者。➤alleged, apparent, perceived所謂的／表面的／被視作失敗（者）▸➤relative相對的失敗（者）▸➤past過去的失敗◇to learn from past failures從以往的失敗中學習➤rare (especially BrE) 少有的失敗◇The movie was one of the rare failures in his career.這部電影是他職業生涯中少有的敗筆之一。➤unexpected意想不到的失敗▸➤personal個人的失敗▸➤collective集體的失敗▸➤moral道德的敗壞▸➤academic學習差的人▸➤economic, financial經濟／金融失敗◇economic failure and increasing unemployment經濟失敗與失業人口增多➤military軍事失敗VERB + FAILURE➤be, represent失敗；意味着失敗▸➤prove證明失敗◇The venture proved a costly failure.此次投機最終失敗，且代價巨大。➤experience, have經歷／遭到失敗▸➤feel, feel like (especially NAmE) 覺得失敗；感覺是失敗者◇I felt (like) a complete failure.我覺得自己是一個徹底的失敗者。➤consider sb/sth, regard sb/sth as認為⋯是／把⋯看成失敗（者）▸➤brand sb/sth (especially BrE) 醜化⋯為失敗者◇Her parents had long since branded her a failure.長久以來她的父母都說她是個失敗者。FAILURE + VERB➤arise from sth失敗源於⋯◇failures arising from circumstances beyond your control無法控制的環境因素導致的失敗PREPOSITION➤failure of⋯的失敗◇The decision to withdraw funding represents a failure of imagination.撤資決定表明了幻想的破滅。
failure

noun³

 3not doing sth未做ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE ADJECTIVE➤fundamental根本沒做到▸➤general基本上沒做到▸➤manifest顯然沒做到▸➤consistent, constant, continued, continuing, persistent, repeated一直沒做到；經常做不到▸➤government, management政府不履行；管理上沒做到◇government failure to listen to the voice of the electorate政府沒有聽取選民的意見VERB + FAILURE➤excuse, justify為沒能做⋯找藉口；證明沒有做到⋯有道理◇Nothing can excuse your failure to ask my permission.不管什麼原因都不能成為你不徵得我允許的藉口。➤constitute構成失敗◇This breach constitutes a serious failure in performance.這次背約構成嚴重違約。
failure

noun⁴

 4of a machine, system, part of the body, etc.機器；系統；身體ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤mechanical, structural, technical機械／結構／技術故障▸➤battery, brake, component, computer, engine, equipment, power, system電池的電量不足；剎車失靈；零部件失靈；計算機故障；發動機故障；設備故障；停電；系統故障➤hardware, software (both computing計算機) 硬件／軟件故障▸➤bank, business, commercial, company, corporate, institutional, market銀行破產；企業破產；商業衰退；公司破產；企業倒閉；機構倒閉；市場蕭條◇Business failures rose by 30% in 2001.2001 年破產的企業增加了 30%。➤heart, kidney, liver, organ心力／腎臟／肝功能／器官衰竭◇the commonest cause of acute liver failure引起急性肝功能衰竭最常見的原因➤cardiac, hepatic, renal, respiratory (all medical醫學) 心臟／肝功能／腎功能／呼吸衰竭◇patients with chronic renal failure患有慢性腎功能衰竭的病人➤crop, harvest農作物歉收；收成不好▸➤communication通訊故障➤intelligence, policy情報不足；政策失敗VERB + FAILURE➤cause, lead to, result in引起／導致／造成衰竭◇a rare viral infection that can lead to heart failure可引起心力衰竭的罕見病毒感染➤experience, suffer經受／遭受故障◇The aircraft seems to have experienced an engine failure.這架飛機的發動機似乎出現過故障。➤prevent防止故障；預防衰竭FAILURE + VERB➤occur故障發生◇A power failure occurred between 4 and 5 p.m.下午四五點鐘之間停電了。PREPOSITION➤failure in⋯方面的故障◇a failure in the computer system計算機系統故障

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