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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penaltynoun [ C ]uk/ˈpen.əl.ti/ us/ˈpen.əl.ti/

penalty noun [ C ] PUNISHMENT

B2 a punishment, or the usual punishment, for doing something that is against a law刑罚，惩罚，处罚

The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.该法令允许判处长达3年的监禁。
They asked for the maximum penalty for hoax calls to be increased to one year.他们要求把对恶作剧电话的最高惩罚增至一年监禁。
The protesters were told to clear the area around the building, on penalty of arrest (= or be arrested) if they did not.抗议者被告知离开大楼周围的地区，否则将被捕。

B2 a type of punishment, often involving paying money, that is given to you if you break an agreement or do not follow rules罚金，罚款

Currently, ticket holders pay a penalty equal to 25 percent of the ticket price when they change their flight plans.目前，持票人改变飞行计划时须支付相当于票价25%的罚金。
There was a penalty clause which said you had to pay half the cost if you cancelled your booking.有一则惩罚条款规定，若取消预订则必须支付一半费用。

B2 an advantage given in some sports to a team or player when the opposing team or player breaks a rule（体育运动中对犯规者的）判罚，处罚

The referee awarded (= gave) a penalty kick.裁判员给了一个罚球机会。
Hysen handled the ball and conceded the penalty that gave Manchester United the lead.海森控球犯规，给了曼联队一次罚球机会，使他们取得了领先。

More examples

The maximum penalty for the offence is a $1000 fine.

Execution is still the penalty in some states for murder.

I had to pay a penalty fee when my cheque bounced.

They are campaigning for stiffer penalties for people who drink and drive.

This offence carries a fixed penalty.

penalty noun [ C ] DISADVANTAGE

a disadvantage brought about as a result of a situation or action（某情况或行动带来的）不利，劣势

Loss of privacy is one of the penalties of success.失去个人隐私乃是功成名就的代价之一。
She has paid a heavy penalty for speaking the truth.她因说实话而付出了沉重的代价。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty

noun¹

 1punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤harsh, heavy, hefty, severe, stiff, strict, substantial, tough嚴厲的處罰；重罰；嚴懲➤draconian嚴厲的處罰➤light輕罰▸➤maximum, minimum最重的／最輕的處罰➤ultimate極刑◇These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution.這些罪行導致他們被處以極刑。➤automatic, fixed, mandatory自動處罰；定額罰款；強制性處罰◇a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences一套新的適用於大多數交通違章的定額罰款系統◇The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession.法規批准對持有武器實行嚴厲制裁。➤financial, monetary, tax經濟處罰；罰款；稅務罰款◇the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early為提前還清貸款而交納的巨額罰款➤exit, redemption (both BrE) 按揭退出費；解除抵押罰金◇There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early.如果提前還清按揭，要付解約費。➤death死刑◇the movement for the abolition of the death penalty爭取廢除死刑的運動➤civil, criminal民事／刑事處罰VERB + PENALTY➤impose, introduce, levy加以處罰；推行處罰；收罰款➤reintroduce, restore恢復處罰◇calls to restore the death penalty對恢復死刑的呼籲➤apply, give, hand down, hand out40 - espbr added :pooler-->, issue (especially BrE) 運用／給予／公佈／提出／發佈處罰◇The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed.被判處的刑罰與所犯罪行不相稱。➤exact (formal) , implement (especially BrE) 強制執行／實施懲罰◇From time to time, the death penalty was exacted for murder.犯謀殺罪者有時被執行死刑。➤charge (especially BrE) 收取罰金20 in BrE - espbr added :pooler-->◇Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement.有些貸款人對提前還清貸款收取巨額罰金。➤enforce, prescribe執行／處以罰款➤threaten威脅要處罰➤receive收到罰款➤seek謀求罰款◇He was seeking financial penalties against the company.他正謀求對該公司處以罰款。➤deserve應該受罰➤risk冒罰款的風險➤increase, stiffen, toughen加重／加強／強化處罰➤reduce減輕處罰➤attract, carry招致處罰◇crimes which carry severe penalties要受嚴懲的罪行➤face, incur面臨／招致處罰➤avoid, escape避免／逃脫處罰➤waive免予處罰◇Credit card companies will waive penalties for flood victims who are unable to pay on time.信用卡公司將免除無法按時還款的水災災民的滯納金。➤eliminate撤銷處罰PENALTY + NOUN➤fee罰款➤notice, ticket (both BrE) 罰款通知單◇You will be given a fixed penalty notice if you fail to renew insurance on time.如未能及時續保，將收到定額罰款通知書。➤fine (BrE) 罰款◇There is a fixed penalty fine of £50 for allowing your dog to foul public places.狗在公共場所排便，其主人要被處以 50 英鎊的定額罰款。➤point (BrE) 違章駕駛罰分◇Penalty points are given to drivers who speed.超速行駛的司機要被扣違章分。➤payment (especially BrE) 罰款繳付➤clause (especially BrE) 處罰條款➤system罰款制度PREPOSITION➤on penalty of, under penalty of違背則受⋯處罰◇The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.羅馬人禁止講授《摩西五經》，違者處死。◇The application should be signed under penalty of perjury.申請應簽字，否則以偽證罪論處。➤penalty for因⋯而受的處罰◇the penalty for murder因謀殺而受的刑罰➤penalty on對⋯的處罰◇He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders.他揚言要對未成年犯施加更嚴厲的處罰。
penalty

noun²

 2disadvantage不利VERB + PENALTY | PREPOSITION VERB + PENALTY➤pay, suffer付出代價；招致苦惱◇He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth.現在他要為虛度青春付出代價。◇People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods.失業者遭受的痛苦時間更長。➤accept接受不利後果PREPOSITION➤penalty for因⋯引起不利後果◇You must accept the penalty for your rash actions.你必須為你的魯莽行為付出代價。➤penalty of⋯的弊端◇It's just one of the penalties of fame.它只是成名帶來的苦惱之一。
penalty

noun³

 3in football/soccer足球ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤controversial, disputed, dodgy, informal) , dubious有爭議的處罰；可疑判罰➤winning制勝的點球➤well-struck踢得非常好的點球➤missed沒有踢進的點球➤first-half, injury-time, second-half上半場的／傷停補時階段的／下半場的點球➤early, late開場不久的／臨近終場的點球➤last-minute最後關頭的點球➤12th-minute, etc.第 12 分鐘等的點球VERB + PENALTY➤award (sb), give (sb)判給（某人）點球➤concede, give away送上點球◇They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty.在科爾送出一粒點球之前他們一直領先。➤appeal for要求裁判判罰點球➤be awarded, be given, earn, get, have, land, win被判給點球；得到點球機會◇We were unlucky not to get a penalty.很不幸，我們沒得到點球機會。➤boot50 :pooler-->, dispatch, kick, strike70 :pooler-->, take踢點球300 :pooler-->➤score from罰點球得分190 :pooler-->◇Owen scored from a first-half penalty.歐文上半場點球得分。➤net, slot home踢進點球；點球破門◇Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead.裏基茨打進了他本賽季的第三粒點球，使他的球隊領先。➤miss沒撲到點球➤save撲出點球PENALTY + NOUN➤area, box, corner, spot罰球區；受罰席；罰球區角；罰球點➤award獲點球➤kick踢點球➤shoot-out點球決勝負➤goal點球得分➤miss點球罰失100 :pooler-->➤save點球的撲救100 :pooler-->➤taker點球主罰者➤chance, opportunity點球機會➤attempt想製造點球PREPOSITION➤penalty by, penalty from由⋯罰的點球◇They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry.他們靠弗賴伊臨近終場的一粒點球贏得了比賽勝利。  ➡ topic at sports
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty noun
⇨ punishment
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty
General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
Actions in playing games or sports: backhand, backhander, ball...

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