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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2263 COCA: 4701
voluntary adj.
⇨ voluntary 1 (Attendance at classes is purely voluntary.) ⇨ voluntary 2 (voluntary work)voluntary1

adjective

 Attendance at classes is purely voluntary. 上课纯属自愿。voluntary work 义务工作voluntary ♦︎ optional ♦︎ discretionaryThese words all describe sth which sb does, decides or has by choice, not because they have to. 这些词均表示自愿的、主动的、可选择的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a voluntary / an optional course / procedure / scheme◆entirely voluntary / optional / discretionary◆purely / largely voluntary / optional■ voluntary ˈvɒləntri; NAmE ˈvɑːlənteridone willingly and by choice, not because you have to do it 自愿的；主动的；自告奋勇的◆Many people pay voluntary contributions into a pension fund.许多人自愿向退休基金供款。◆Attendance at classes is purely voluntary.上课纯属自愿。◆ (BrE) He took voluntary redundancy.他选择了自愿裁汰。OPP involuntary , compulsory ⇨ necessary ▸ voluntarily

adverb

◆He was not asked to leave－he went voluntarily.没有人让他走，是他主动走的。■ optional that you can choose to do or have if you want to 可选择的；选修的◆Certain classes are compulsory, others are optional.某些课程是必修的，其他是选修的。◆ (BrE) This model comes with a number of optional extras (= things you can choose to have but which you pay extra for).这种型号有一些可供选择的附件，但要额外收费。OPP compulsory , obligatory ⇨ necessary   see also option ⇨ option NOTE 辨析 Voluntary or optional? Voluntary puts the emphasis on choosing to do or have sth without being forced to because of a rule or law; optional puts the emphasis on sth being available for you to choose if you want, when it is sth extra, not an essential part of sth. * voluntary强调自己选择做某事或拥有某物而非因规章或法律而被迫去做；optional强调某物是额外提供以备选的，不是必不可少的部分。■ discretionary dɪˈskreʃənəri; NAmE dɪˈskreʃəneri [usually before noun] (formal) decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation; not decided by rules 自由决定的；酌情行事的；便宜行事的◆Such awards are allocated on a discretionary basis.这些奖是自行决定颁发的。▸ discretion

noun

 [uncountable] ◆Bail is granted at the discretion of the court.由法庭决定准予保释。voluntary2

adjective

 Attendance at classes is purely voluntary. 上课纯属自愿。voluntary work 义务工作voluntary ♦︎ unpaid ♦︎ honoraryThese words all describe work which people are not paid for or people who do a job without being paid. 这些词均表示义务性的、无偿的、志愿的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆on a voluntary / an unpaid / an honorary basis◆voluntary / unpaid work / service / overtime◆a voluntary / an unpaid worker / carer / helper■ voluntary ˈvɒləntri; NAmE ˈvɑːlənteri [usually before noun](of work) done by people who choose to do it without being paid; (of a person) doing a job without wanting to be paid for it （工作）无偿的，义务性的；（人）志愿的◆I do some voluntary work at the local hospital.我在当地医院做一些义工工作。◆The day centre is operated by a voluntary organization.这家日间护理中心是由志愿团体经营的。■ unpaid ˌʌnˈpeɪd (of work or time off work) done or taken without being paid; (of a person) doing work without being paid for it （工作或休息时间）无偿的，不付报酬的；（人）不领报酬的◆Many of the children are used as unpaid labour.这些孩子中许多人被用作无偿劳力。◆He chose to take 6 weeks of unpaid leave.他选择停薪休假6周。◆The canteen is run by unpaid volunteers.这个食堂由一些不领报酬的志愿者经营。■ honorary ˈɒnərəri; NAmE ˈɑːnəreri(of an official position in an organization) held without the person being paid for doing it （组织中的正式职位）名誉的，义务的，无报酬的◆The post of treasurer is a purely honorary position.司库的职位纯属义务性质。◆He became honorary president of the club.他成了该俱乐部的名誉会长。

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