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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4228 COCA: 3217
sanctionnounuk/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/ us/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

sanction noun ORDER

[ C usually plural ] an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law制裁

Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country because of its attacks on its own people.由于该国发生了针对本国人民的暴力行为，许多国家都对其进行制裁。
Trade/economic sanctions will only be lifted (= stopped) when the aggressor nation withdraws its troops.只有侵略国撤回其军队，贸易／经济制裁才会解除。

C2 [ C ] a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey（为维护法律或规定而采取的）强硬措施；（对违反法律或规定者进行的）惩罚，处罚

Without realistic sanctions, some teachers have difficulty keeping order in the classroom.没有切实可行的处罚措施，有些教师难以维持课堂秩序。

More examples

A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.

The UN has imposed punitive sanctions on the invading country.

The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions still further.

She is in favour of a relaxation of the sanctions.

People were surprised at the time by the severity of the sanctions.

sanction noun APPROVAL

[ U ] approval or permission, especially formal or legal（尤指正式或法律认可的）批准，许可

They tried to get official sanction for the plans.他们想使计划获得正式批准。
sanctionverb [ T ]uk/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/ us/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

to formally give permission for something批准，认可，准许

The government was reluctant to sanction intervention in the crisis.政府不愿意批准对危机进行干预。

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