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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch verb CUT

B2 [ I or T ] to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough抓;搔;擦;划

We scratched the wall trying to get the bed into Martha's room.我们把床搬进玛莎的房间里时,把墙面给划坏了。
Be careful not to scratch yourself on the roses.当心不要被玫瑰刺扎伤。
A few chickens were scratching about/around (= searching with their beaks) in the yard for grain.几只鸡在院子里到处扒寻谷粒吃。

B2 [ T ] If you scratch something on or off a surface, you add it or remove it by scratching.刻;刮

People have been scratching their names on this rock for years.许多年来人们都在这块岩石上刻写名字。
I scratched some paint off the door as I was getting out of the car.我下车时蹭掉了车门上的一些漆。

B2 [ I ] If an animal scratches, it rubs something with its claws (= sharp nails).(动物)用爪子抓,搔

The dog's scratching at the door - he wants to be let in.狗用爪子抓门——它想进来。

B2 [ I or T ] to rub your skin with your nails(用指甲)搔,挠

He was scratching (at) his mosquito bites.他在抓挠蚊子咬过的地方。
Hannah scratched her head thoughtfully.汉娜一边思索一边挠头。

More examples

The top of the desk was badly scratched.

The car's paintwork has been scratched.

Paintwork on the corner of a stairway tends to get scratched.

I accidentally scratched her with my long nails.

I scraped the car against a post and scratched the paintwork.

scratch verb REMOVE

[ I or T ] to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start(使)退出比赛

The world champion scratched from the 800 metres after injuring herself the day before.这位世界冠军在比赛前一天受了伤,只好退出800米赛跑。
They scratched the horse from the race because she had become lame.由于马瘸了腿,所以他们让它退出了比赛。

scratch verb STOP

[ T ] UK usually scrub informal to decide not to do something you had planned to do取消(原计划)

We had to scratch our plans when I lost my job.我失业了,我们不得不取消计划。
Synonym

Phrasal verb(s)

B2 [ C ] a mark made by scratching抓痕;擦痕;划痕;刮痕

Her legs were covered in scratches and bruises after her walk through the forest.她步行穿过森林,腿上满是擦伤和瘀青。
There was a scratch on the CD.CD上有道划痕。
Amazingly, he survived the accident without a scratch (= without suffering any injuries at all).令人惊奇的是,他在这场事故中幸存了下来,而且毫发未损。

[ S ] UK an act of scratching(人或动物的)搔,挠

That dog is having a good scratch. It must have fleas.狗在使劲地挠痒,它身上一定有跳蚤。
scratchadjectiveuk/skrætʃ/ us/skrætʃ/ UK
scratch team/side/orchestra

a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion临时拼凑起来的队伍/派别/管弦乐队


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