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General words for illnesses, diseases and medical conditions
Synonyms
illness
noun /ˈɪlnəs/
[U] the state of feeling ill or of having a disease 病;疾病;患病

He missed five days of school because of illness. 他因病缺了5天课。

patients who are recovering from major surgery or serious illness 做过大手术或重病后正在恢复的病人

 Synonyms and related words
a
[C] a particular disease, or a period of being ill (特定的)病,疾病;患病期

She had had no serious illnesses, and had never been in hospital. 她没患过大病,也从未住过院。

My aunt died that spring after a long illness. 我舅母病了很长时间后于那年春天去世了。

 Synonyms and related words
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Periods of bad health: illness, bout, attack...
b
[C/U] a serious mental problem 心理疾病

More than three million people suffer from severe mental illness. 三百多万人遭受着严重心理疾病的折磨。

depressive illnesses 抑郁性心理疾病

 Synonyms and related words
disease
noun /dɪˈziːz/
1
[C/U] an illness that affects people or animals, especially one that is caused by infection (尤指感染导致的)病,疾病
disease of :

a disease of the nervous system 神经系统疾病

diseases of horses/cattle/sheep 马/牛/羊的疾病

suffer from a disease :

Studies have revealed that fewer vegetarians suffer from heart disease. 研究表明素食者患心脏病的几率较小。

cause a disease :

Smoking can cause fatal diseases. 吸烟会使人患上致命的疾病。

combat disease :

the way that the body's immune system combats disease 身体免疫系统与疾病作斗争的方式

contract a disease (=to become infected with it) 染病 :

Young people are most at risk of contracting the disease. 年轻人最有可能得这种病。

 Synonyms and related words
sickness
noun /ˈsɪknəs/
1
[U] a condition in which you have an illness 生病;患病

The team lost because of a combination of injuries and sickness. 由于球员们伤病缠身,该队输了。

Time off work because of sickness is paid at the full rate. 病休期拿全额工资。

 Synonyms and related words
1a
[C] a particular illness (某种)疾病

climbers who suffer badly from altitude sickness 患严重高空病的登山者

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infection
noun /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/
a
[C] a disease or other medical condition that is caused by bacteria or by a virus or a parasite 感染;传染病

Most throat infections are caused by viruses. 大多数喉部感染都是由病毒引起的。

The infection spread to his lungs. 感染已扩散到他的肺部。

 Synonyms and related words
disorder
noun /dɪsˈɔː(r)də(r)/
1
[C/U] an illness or medical condition 紊乱;失调;病

He had treated her for a stomach disorder. 他给她治过胃病。

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complaint
noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/
2
[C] an illness or other medical problem 疾病;不适

minor complaints like headaches 头痛之类的小毛病

a liver complaint 肝部不适

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condition
noun /kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/
4
[C] an illness or health problem that lasts a long time and affects the way you live
heart/liver/lung condition :

David has a severe heart condition. 戴维有严重的心脏病。

medical condition :

Do you suffer from any medical condition? 你有什么病吗?

 Synonyms and related words
ailment
noun [C] /ˈeɪlmənt/
an illness, usually not a serious one (通常指不严重的)疾病;微恙
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epidemic
noun [C] /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/
a situation in which a disease spreads very quickly and infects many people (疾病的)传播,流行

a flu epidemic 流感的传播

an epidemic of typhoid 伤寒的流行

 Synonyms and related words
contagion
noun /kənˈteɪdʒ(ə)n/
1a
[C] medical a disease that can be spread from one person to another through touch or through the air (接)触(传)染病
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More Synonyms
affliction
noun [C/U] formal /əˈflɪkʃ(ə)n/
1
an illness 疾病
 Synonyms and related words
bug
noun /bʌɡ/
1
[C] informal an infectious but usually minor illness 因病菌引起的疾病;小毛病;病毒;病菌

a flu bug 流感病毒

get/pick up a bug (=develop an illness) 得小病 :

You must have picked up a bug on holiday. 你肯定是在度假时感染上病菌的。

 Synonyms and related words
burnout
noun [singular/uncountable] /ˈbɜː(r)naʊt/
1
informal the mental and physical condition of having no energy left, or becoming ill after a period of very hard work 精疲力竭
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case
noun /keɪs/
1a
an instance of a disease 病例
case of :

a bad case of food poisoning 严重的食物中毒病例

 Synonyms and related words
deformity
noun [C/U] /dɪˈfɔː(r)məti/
a part of someone's body that is not the usual shape (身体上的)畸形部位
 Synonyms and related words
disturbance
noun /dɪˈstɜː(r)bəns/
4
[C/U] a situation in which someone's mind or body develops a problem and stops operating in its usual way (精神或身体的)失常

emotional/behavioural/psychiatric disturbance 情感/行为/精神失常

 Synonyms and related words
dysfunction
noun [C/U] /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/
1
medical any medical condition in which a part of your body does not work normally 机能障碍

symptoms of neurological dysfunction 神经机能障碍的症状

 Synonyms and related words
incapacity
noun [U] /ˌɪnkəˈpæsəti/
1
the condition of being unable to live normally because you are ill or weak 伤残;孱弱

those who could not work, either through incapacity or age 因伤残或年老而不能工作的人

 Synonyms and related words
incidence
noun [singular] /ˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns/
the number of cases of an illness or a medical condition in a particular place, group, or situation 发病率
a high/low incidence of :

Researchers found a high incidence of prostate cancer in this area. 研究人员发现前列腺癌在该地区的发病率很高。

reduce/increase the incidence of :

The drug has been shown to reduce the incidence of thrombosis after surgery. 这种药物被证实能减少手术后血栓症的发病率。

 Synonyms and related words
indisposition
noun [C/U] formal /ˌɪndɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/
an illness, especially one that is not very serious 不舒服;(尤指)微恙,小病
 Synonyms and related words
infirmity
noun [C/U] formal /ɪnˈfɜː(r)məti/
bad health caused by old age or illness (由于年迈或疾病造成的)体弱,虚弱,衰弱
 Synonyms and related words
insanity
noun [U] /ɪnˈsænəti/
1
legal very severe mental illness that makes it impossible for someone to be considered legally responsible for their actions 精神失常;精神病;疯狂

The judge found him not guilty by reason of insanity. 该法官由于他有精神病而判他无罪。

 Synonyms and related words
insufficiency
noun [U] /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/
2
medical a medical condition in which an organ in the body does not work as it should 功能不全;不足
 Synonyms and related words
invalidity
noun [U] /ˌɪnvəˈlɪdəti/
1
the condition of being too ill or old to work 病弱;年老体弱
 Synonyms and related words
lurgy
noun [singular] British humorous /ˈlɜː(r)ɡi/
any minor illness or disease 小病;微恙
 Synonyms and related words
malady
noun [C] /ˈmælədi/
1
old-fashioned an illness 病;疾病
 Synonyms and related words
malaise
noun [singular/uncountable] formal /məˈleɪz/
1a
a feeling that you are slightly ill, although you cannot say what exactly is wrong 身体不适;小病
 Synonyms and related words
malformation
noun [U] /ˌmælfɔː(r)ˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
a part of someone's body that has not developed normally and has an unusual shape (身体)畸形
 Synonyms and related words
mental illness
noun [C/U] medical
an illness that affects someone's mind
 Synonyms and related words
pandemic
noun [C] medical /pænˈdemɪk/
a disease that affects almost everyone in a very large area 广泛蔓延的流行病
 Synonyms and related words
pestilence
noun [C/U] literary /ˈpestɪləns/
a serious disease that spreads fast and kills many people 瘟疫
 Synonyms and related words
plague
noun /pleɪɡ/
1
[C] any serious disease that spreads quickly to a lot of people and usually ends in death 瘟疫;传染病

a plague of cholera 一场霍乱之灾

 Synonyms and related words
STD
noun [C] medical /ˌes tiː ˈdiː/
a sexually transmitted disease 性传播疾病
 Synonyms and related words
STI
noun [C] medical /ˌes tiː ˈaɪ/
sexually transmitted infection: any infection that you get from having sex with an infected person, for example AIDS or syphilis
 Synonyms and related words
syndrome
noun [C] /ˈsɪnˌdrəʊm/
1
a medical condition that has a particular set of effects on your body or mind 综合症状;综合征

patients with respiratory distress syndrome 有呼吸困难综合症状的病人

 Synonyms and related words
trouble
noun /ˈtrʌb(ə)l/
2
[U] a health problem affecting a part of your body 疾病;不适;苦痛
heart/stomach/back trouble :

My family has a history of heart trouble. 我的家族有心脏病史。

give/cause someone trouble :

My knee's been giving me a lot of trouble lately. 最近我的膝盖痛得厉害。

have trouble with something :

She's been having a bit of trouble with her eyes. 她一直觉得眼睛不大舒服。

 Synonyms and related words
upset
noun /ˈʌpset/
2
[C] an illness that affects your stomach, usually caused by something that you have eaten or drunk 肠胃不适

a stomach/tummy upset 肠胃/肚子不舒服

 Synonyms and related words
virus
noun [C] /ˈvaɪrəs/
1a
a disease caused by a virus 病毒病;病毒感染

I've been in bed all week with a virus. 我因病毒感染而整周卧床。

 Synonyms and related words

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