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BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painfuladjectiveuk/ˈpeɪn.fəl/ us/ˈpeɪn.fəl/

B1 causing emotional or physical pain令人痛苦的，引起痛苦的

The old photograph brought back painful memories.这张老照片唤起了痛苦的回忆。
A painful injury forced her to withdraw from the game.伤痛迫使她退出了比赛。

If something is painful to watch or listen to, it is so bad that it makes you feel embarrassed.令人难堪的；讨厌的

It was painful to listen to his pathetic excuses.听他那些牵强的借口实在让人觉得难受。

More examples

an excruciatingly painful injury

After a lengthy and painful divorce, she vowed never to remarry.

She's already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.

The bruising should soon become less painful.

The argument had stirred up some painful emotions.

BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, look, seem令人痛苦；看上去令人痛苦；好像令人不快▸➤become, get變得令人痛苦▸➤find sth發覺⋯令人痛苦◇She found it unbearably painful to speak.她發現開口說話痛苦得令人難以承受。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極為／相當／非常痛苦▸➤acutely, excruciatingly, horribly, incredibly, intensely, terribly, unbearably極度令人痛苦；鑽心般地痛苦；尤為令人不快；痛苦得令人難以忍受➤particularly特別痛苦➤increasingly越來越令人痛苦➤almost幾乎令人痛苦➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／有些痛苦▸➤potentially有可能令人痛苦➤emotionally, physically令人精神上痛苦；令人肉體上疼痛PREPOSITION➤to對⋯來說痛苦◇The subject of his failed marriage was quite painful to him.他失敗的婚姻對他來說是一個十分痛苦的話題。
BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful adj.
⇨ painful 1 (a painful knee) ⇨ painful 2 (painful memories)painful1

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆painful ♦︎ sore ♦︎ raw ♦︎ inflamed ♦︎ excruciating ♦︎ burning ♦︎ itchyThese words all describe sth that causes you physical pain. 这些词均表示使人肉体上疼痛的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人疼痛的程度
itchy➔painful➔excruciating
soreburning
raw
inflamed
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sore / inflamed / itchy eyes◆raw / inflamed / itchy skin◆a painful / an excruciating death◆a painful / a burning sensation◆excruciating / burning pain■ painful causing you physical pain 令人疼痛的◆Is your knee still painful?你的膝盖还疼吗？◆Ulcers can be unbearably painful.溃疡能让人疼得受不了。◆I had to undergo a series of painful injections.我不得不经历一次又一次痛苦的注射。◆It was a slow and painful death.死亡来得缓慢而又痛苦。ⓘ Painful can describe a part of the body, illness, injury, treatment or death. * painful可用于描述身体部位、疾病、受伤、治疗或死亡。 OPP painless ⓘ Something that is painless causes no pain. * painless指没有痛苦的◆a painless death没有痛苦的死亡◆The treatment is painless.这种治疗是无痛的。 ▸ painfully

adverb

◆He limped painfully to the door.他一瘸一拐艰难地走向门口。■ sore (of a part of the body) painful and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much （身体部位）疼痛红肿的（尤指因感染或肌肉劳损）◆He had a high temperature and a sore throat.他发烧，嗓子疼。◆Their feet were sore after hours of walking.他们走了几个小时的路，脚都走疼了。  see also sore ⇨ tumour noun ▸ soreness

noun

 [uncountable] ◆an ointment to reduce soreness and swelling止痛消肿的软膏■ raw (of a part of the body) red and painful, for example because of an infection or because the skin has been damaged （身体部位）红肿疼痛的（如因感染或皮肤破损）◆His throat was raw and painful.他的喉咙红肿疼痛。◆The skin on her feet had been rubbed raw.她双脚磨破了皮。■ inflamed ɪŋˈfleɪmd (of a part of the body) painful, red and hot because of an infection or injury （身体部位因感染或受伤）发炎的，红肿的◆Her finger was swollen and inflamed.她的手指发炎肿起来了。◆The wound had become inflamed.伤口发炎了。   see also inflammation ⇨ tumour noun ■ excruciating ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ extremely painful 极痛苦的；疼痛不已的◆The pain in my back was excruciating.我的背疼痛难忍。◆The process is painful, but not excruciating.整个过程是痛苦的，但并非难以忍受。◆She groaned at the memory, suffering all over again the excruciating embarrassment of those moments.她回忆起那个时候叹了口气，又一次饱尝了所经历的极度困窘。ⓘ Excruciating can describe feelings, treatments or death but not parts of the body. * excruciating可以描述感觉、治疗或死亡，但不描述身体部位◆an excruciating throat/back/knee It can describe mental as well as physical pain. 本词既可描述肉体痛苦，亦可描述精神痛苦。 ▸ excruciatingly

adverb

◆an excruciatingly painful death极其痛苦的死亡■ burning painful and giving a feeling of being very hot; feeling very hot 火烧般疼痛的；火辣辣的◆She felt a burning sensation in her throat.她觉得嗓子火辣辣地疼。◆The boy's forehead was burning.那男孩的额头热得烫手。ⓘ Burning can describe a feeling or a part of the body. * burning可以描述感觉或身体部位。■ itchy giving an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch; having this feeling 发痒的◆The skin on my legs broke out in an itchy rash.我的腿上突然长满了皮疹，痒痒的。◆I feel itchy all over.我浑身发痒。painful2

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆  ➡ See also the entries for sad, stressful and worrying 另见sad条、stressful条和worrying条painful ♦︎ traumatic ♦︎ distressing ♦︎ upsetting ♦︎ harrowing ♦︎ agonizingThese words all describe sth that makes you feel upset or anxious. 这些词均表示令人精神上痛苦的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人痛苦的程度
painful➔traumatic➔harrowing
upsettingdistressingagonizing
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be painful / traumatic / distressing / upsetting for sb◆to be painful / distressing / upsetting to do sth◆to be distressing / upsetting that...◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / an upsetting / a harrowing experience◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / a harrowing / an agonizing time◆a painful / distressing / harrowing scene◆a distressing / harrowing sight◆a painful / an agonizing decision◆rather painful / traumatic / distressing / pathetic / upsetting / harrowing◆very / extremely / deeply / particularly painful / distressing / upsetting■ painful making you feel upset or embarrassed 令人痛苦（或难过、难堪）的◆Seeing her again brought back painful memories.再次见到她唤起了令人痛苦的回忆。◆Their efforts were painful to watch.看他们这么辛苦真让人难过。  see also pain ⇨ distress noun ■ traumatic trɔːˈmætɪk; NAmE traʊˈmætɪk(especially of an experience) very unpleasant and making you feel very upset and/or anxious （尤指经历）极不愉快的，痛苦的◆a traumatic childhood不幸的童年◆Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved.离婚对每个当事人来说都可能是痛苦的。   see also trauma ⇨ nightmare , traumatize ⇨ frighten ■ distressing dɪˈstresɪŋ making you feel very upset, especially because of sb's suffering （尤指遭遇）使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的◆The divorce was extremely distressing for the children.这桩离婚对孩子来说是极其痛苦的事。◆What could be more distressing than the death of their only child?有什么能比失去了他们唯一的孩子更痛苦呢？  see also distress ⇨ distress noun , distress ⇨ hurt verb 1 , distressed ⇨ upset ■ upsetting making you feel unhappy, anxious or annoyed 令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的◆I could see that it had been an upsetting experience for him.我看得出那对于他是个痛苦的经历。◆It's always upsetting to lose a patient.失去病人总是令人很难过。  see also upset ⇨ upset adj. , upset ⇨ hurt verb 1 ■ harrowing ˈhærəʊɪŋ; NAmE ˈhæroʊɪŋvery shocking or frightening and making you feel extremely upset 令人肠断的；恐怖惊悚的◆There were harrowing scenes at the airport as relatives heard news of the crash.亲属听到飞机失事的消息后，机场里一片令人伤心欲绝的情景。◆You've had a harrowing experience and a lucky escape.你的经历很恐怖，能逃出来真是运气。■ agonizing (BrE also agonising) ˈægənaɪzɪŋ causing great pain, anxiety or difficulty 令人十分痛苦的；使人焦虑的；带来巨大困难的◆his father's agonizing death他父亲极度痛苦的死◆It was the most agonizing decision of her young life.那是她年轻时最痛苦的决定。
BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful
Making you feel sad or upset: sad, unhappy, depressing...
Making you feel ashamed or embarrassed: embarrassing, humiliating, painful...
Physically painful and describing pain: achy, acute, agonising...

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