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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
toughadjectiveuk/tʌf/ us/tʌf/

tough adjective STRONG

B2 strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated结实的；坚固的；坚强的

These toys are made from tough plastic.这些玩具是由结实的塑料制成的。
Children's shoes need to be tough.童鞋必须结实。
You have to be tough to be successful in politics.要在政界取得成功就必须坚强。
informal Their lawyer is a real tough customer/nut (= person).他们的律师真是很有主见。

C2 strong and determined强硬的；严厉的

Tough new safety standards have been introduced for cars.汽车生产采用了更加严格的新安全标准。
There have been calls for tougher controls/restrictions on what online retailers are allowed to sell.一直有人呼吁要对网上零售商出售的商品种类严加控制／限制。
After some tough bargaining, we finally agreed on a deal.经过艰苦的讨价还价，我们最终达成了一笔交易。
I think it's time the police got tougher on/with (= treated more severely) people who drink and drive.我觉得警方该对酒后驾车者采取更加严厉的措施。
The government is continuing to take a tough line on terrorism.政府继续对恐怖主义采取强硬的态度。

More examples

I can't eat this meat - it's too tough.

Polyurethane varnish provides a tough, scratch-resistant finish.

We need a mayor who is tough enough to clean up this town.

You'll need some fairly tough footwear to go walking up mountains.

Several governments have adopted tough new anti-terrorist legislation in the wake of the attacks.

tough adjective DIFFICULT

B2 difficult to do or to deal with困难的；棘手的

They've had an exceptionally tough life.他们的一生异常艰苦。
They will be a tough team to beat.他们会是一支很难战胜的队伍。
The company is going through a tough time at the moment.公司现在正值困难时期。
We've had to make some very tough decisions.我们不得不作出了一些很艰难的决定。
My boss has given me a tough job/assignment.我的老板给了我一个棘手的活儿／任务。
Many homeless people are facing a tough winter.许多无家可归者正面临严冬的考验。

More examples

It's been a tough six months and I feel I've earned a few weeks off.

We'll have to make some tough decisions - there are no easy options.

It's going to be a tough competition but I'm mentally prepared for it.

This course is really tough, - sometimes I feeling like packing it all in.

Now I'm going to ask you a really tough question - are you ready?

tough adjective FOOD

B2 Tough food is difficult to cut or eat.（食物）老的，不易切开的，嚼不动的

This steak is very tough.这块牛排很不好嚼。
These apples have tough skins.这些苹果的皮很老。

tough adjective VIOLENT

likely to be violent or to contain violence; not kind or pleasant粗鲁的；暴力的；不友善的

a tough neighbourhood治安很差的社区
Many of the country's toughest criminals are held in this prison.这个国家最凶残的罪犯有许多都关在这座监狱里。

tough adjective UNLUCKY

C2 informal unlucky不幸的，倒霉的

"I have to work late today because I'm very behind on my work." "Oh, tough luck!"“我今天必须加班，因为落下了许多活儿。”“哦，真倒霉！”
It's tough on Geoff that he's going to miss the party.杰弗真倒霉，他要错过这次聚会了。

informal sometimes used to show that you have no sympathy for someone's problems or difficulties活该（表示不同情）

"I don't have any money left." "Well, (that's just) tough - you shouldn't have spent it all on cigarettes."“我的钱都花光了。”“哼，活该——你不该把钱都拿来买烟。”

Idiom(s)

it's tough at the top
(as) tough as old boots
tough luck
toughnoun [ C ]uk/tʌf/ us/tʌf/ also toughie old-fashioned informal

a violent person粗暴的人；暴徒

Bands of armed toughs roamed the city.几群持有武器的暴徒在这座城市里游荡。

More examples

There are some pretty tough children in his class.

He worked for a group of tough masters.

His bosses were really tough.

TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough

adjective¹

 1difficult/unpleasant費力；不愉快VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, seem困難；好像困難▸➤get變得困難➤remain仍然困難➤find sth發現⋯不好弄◇He may find it tough to pursue his plans.他可能會發現很難繼續他的計劃。➤make sth使⋯不易（做到）◇The strong dollar has made it tough for small businesses.強勢美元使小企業的日子不好過。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常困難▸➤particularly, really特別／確實艱難◇Things were really tough at first.起初事情確實有點兒棘手。➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略有些難處PREPOSITION➤on對⋯是困難的◇It's very tough on the wives when the husbands leave.丈夫離去會使妻子處境艱難。
tough

adjective²

 2strict/firm嚴厲VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be嚴格▸➤become, get變得強硬ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常強硬▸➤particularly特別強硬▸➤enough足夠嚴厲◇Has the government been tough enough on polluters?政府對造成污染者的態度夠強硬嗎？PREPOSITION➤on在⋯上嚴格◇The government has promised to get tough on crime.政府承諾對犯罪行為採取嚴厲措施。➤with對⋯嚴厲◇You have to be tough with these young thugs.對這些年紀輕輕的暴徒態度一定要強硬。
tough

adjective³

 3strong強壯VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤appear, be, feel, look, seem, stand (informal) 顯得結實；結實；覺得結實；看上去結實；似乎結實；保持強健▸➤become, get, grow變得結實▸➤act, play, talk (all informal) 行為強硬；說話強硬◇Then this guy started acting tough.然後這個人的行為開始強硬了。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常強硬▸➤incredibly, really, remarkably難以置信地強壯；非常強健▸➤enough足夠強健◇Are you sure you're physically tough enough for this job?你確信你有足夠的體力勝任這份工作嗎？➤mentally, physically堅韌不拔；體格強健
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough adj.
⇨ difficult 2 (a tough childhood) ⇨ strict (get tough on crime)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough
Difficult to do and involving a lot of effort: difficult, hard, tough...
Physically strong: strong, powerful, athletic...
Determined and ambitious: determined, ambitious, persistent...
Confident and proud: confident, proud, easy...
Strict and severe: strict, severe, stern...
Serious, severe and extreme: serious, severe, extreme...
Words used to describe meat: boneless, bony, flyblown...
Words used to describe the state or consistency of food: buttery, calorific, caramelised...
Strong and not easy to damage or break: strong, irresistible, sturdy...
Involving violence and bloodshed: violent, ferocious, bloodthirsty...
To try to deal with a problem or difficulty: deal with, tackle, combat...
Miscellaneous criminals: abductor, abettor, accessory...
Ways of expressing lack of sympathy: bad/hard/tough luck, too bad, my heart bleeds (for someone)...

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