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BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115

judge noun [ C ] PERSON

B2 a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters法官;审判员

a British high-court judge英国高等法院法官
a US Supreme Court judge美国最高法院法官

More examples

The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath.

The judge will pronounce sentence on the defendant this afternoon.

In Britain, judges wear white wigs in court.

She wrote an article attacking the judges and their conduct of the trial.

He shouted abuse at the judge after being sentenced to five years imprisonment.

judge noun [ C ] DECIDE

B1 the person who officially decides who is the winner of a competition(比赛的)裁判员,评判员

a panel of judges评判组

C2 a person who has the knowledge to give an opinion about something or is able to decide if someone or something is good or bad鉴定人;鉴赏家

She's such a bad judge of character.她很不善于鉴别人的品格。
"I really don't think you should have another drink." "I'll be/Let me be the judge of that (= I am able to make my own decision about that)."“我真的认为你不该再喝了。”“我自己心里有数。”

B1 to form, give, or have as an opinion, or to decide about something or someone, especially after thinking carefully(尤指认真考虑之后)断定,判断,估计

So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.到目前为止,他的工作看起来还干得不错,但现在下结论还为时过早。
[ + question word ] It's difficult to judge whether the new system really is an improvement.很难判断新系统是否真的有所改进。
The meeting was judged (to have been) a success.人们认为会议很成功。
You shouldn't judge by/on appearances alone.你不该仅仅以貌取人。
I'm hopeless at judging distance(s) (= guessing how far it is between places).我不擅长估算距离。

C2 to express a bad opinion of someone's behaviour, often because you think you are better than them(常指因为觉得优于他人而妄加)评论,批评,指责

You have no right to judge other people because of what they look like or what they believe.你无权因他人的外貌或信仰而妄下评语。

C1 to officially decide who will be the winner of a competition裁判(比赛);担任裁判

I've been asked to judge the children's poetry competition.我受邀为儿童诗歌比赛当评委。
judging by/from also to judge by/from

B2 used to express the reasons why you have a particular opinion根据…判断

Judging by what he said, I think it's very unlikely that he'll be able to support your application.从他说的话来判断,我认为他不太可能会支持你的申请。

More examples

You shouldn't judge people by their external appearances .

Not everyone judges success by the same standards - some people think happiness is more important than money.

The competition will be judged by a panel of experts.

There are various points to look out for when you're judging dogs in a competition.

I can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work.

BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115
judge

noun¹

1applies the law運用法律ADJECTIVE | VERB + JUDGE | JUDGE + VERB ADJECTIVEexperienced (especially BrE) 資深法官learned (especially BrE) 博學的法官senior高級法官presiding, trial審判長;承審法官deputy (BrE) 助理法官appeal, appellate, circuit, county, district, federal上訴法官;巡迴法院法官;郡縣法官;地區法院法官;聯邦法官appeal-court, circuit-court, county-court, district-court上訴法院/巡迴法院/郡縣法院/地區法院法官High Court (in the UK) , Supreme Court (in the US) 高等法院/最高法院法官bankruptcy, immigration (both NAmE) 破產/移民法官unelected (especially NAmE) 非選舉產生的法官activist, conservative, liberal (all NAmE) 積極的/保守的/開明的法官She has a reputation as a liberal, activist judge.作為一名法官,她以思想開明、表現積極而著稱。VERB + JUDGEbe, sit as作為/擔任法官By next year you could be sitting as a High Court judge.到明年你可能成為高等法院法官。appoint (sb as), elect, nominate (both especially NAmE) 任命(某人為)/選舉/提名法官convince, impress, persuade, satisfy說服法官;給法官留下深刻印象;使法官相信;令法官滿意They must persuade the judge that a particular juror is likely to be biased.他們必須說服法官相信有一名陪審員很可能懷有偏見。ask, tell詢問/告訴法官JUDGE + VERBoversee sth, preside, sit法官審查⋯/主審/聽審Which judge will be sitting next week?下個星期哪位法官聽審?The judge overseeing the case ordered the documents to be produced.審查該案件的法官要求提交文件。call sb法官傳喚某人The judge called the remaining witness.法官傳喚了最後一個證人。ask sth, say sth, tell (sb) sth法官訊問⋯;法官說⋯;法官告訴(某人)⋯A federal judge told the FBI they could not access the computers.一位聯邦法官告訴聯邦調查局他們無權獲取那些計算機上的信息。direct sb (especially BrE) 法官指示某人The judge must direct the jury on points of law.法官必須就法律要點給陪審團提供指示。consider sth法官考慮⋯accept sth, admit sth, agree (sth), allow sth, approve sth, uphold sth法官認可⋯;法官同意(⋯);法官支持⋯The judge admitted the notes of the interview as evidence.法官認可將會見筆記作為證據。deny sth, disagree, dismiss sth, overrule sb/sth, overturn sth, refuse sth, reject sth法官否認⋯;法官不同意;法官駁回⋯;法官推翻⋯;法官拒絕受理⋯The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.承審法官駁回了她的賠償請求。Appeals court judges overturned the previous ruling.上訴法院的法官推翻了之前的判決。conclude sth, decide sth, declare sth, find sth, hold sth, rule sth法官論定⋯ /決定⋯ /宣佈⋯ /認為⋯ /認定⋯ /裁定⋯The judge held that the company had been negligent.法官認定該公司有疏忽。sum up法官總結The judge summed up and the jury retired to consider its verdict.法官總結後陪審團退庭討論裁決。sentence sb法官對某人作出宣判impose sth, order sth法官強令⋯/命令⋯The judge ordered the company to pay compensation to the claimant.法官責令該公司向原告支付賠償金。A judge could impose a substantial penalty.法官可以予以重罰。award (sb) sth, grant (sb) sth法官判給(某人)⋯/准予(某人)⋯The judge awarded him damages of £20 000.法官判給他 2 萬英鎊的損害賠償金。
judge

noun²

2decides who has won a competition裁判ADJECTIVE | ... OF JUDGES | JUDGE + VERB | PHRASES ADJECTIVEcompetition競賽裁判independent獨立裁判... OF JUDGESpanel一組裁判a panel of independent judges一組獨立裁判JUDGE + VERBchoose sb/sth, pick sb/sth, vote for sb/sth裁判選擇⋯/選出⋯/投票選擇⋯decide sth, vote on sth裁判裁定⋯/就⋯表決PHRASESthe judges' decision裁判的裁定The judges' decision on the entries is final.裁判對參賽作品的評定是最終決定。
judge

noun³

3has the ability/knowledge to give an opinion具備判斷力ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEastute, good, great, shrewd敏銳的判斷;明智的判斷;精明的判斷You are the best judge of what your body needs.身體需要什麼,自己最能判斷。a shrewd judge of character善於鑒別他人性格的人bad, poor糟糕的/拙劣的判斷impartial公正的評判PREPOSITIONjudge of判別⋯的人He is a good judge of musical talent.他善於發掘音樂人才。PHRASESa good, bad etc. judge of character善於、不善於等鑒別他人性格的人She's usually a pretty shrewd judge of character.她通常能對別人的性格作出相當精準的判斷。
judge

verb

ADVERB | VERB + JUDGE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERBaccurately, correctly, rightly準確/正確/恰當判斷wrongly (especially BrE) 錯誤判斷I think I judged the distance wrongly.我想我錯誤地估計了距離。fairly, properly (especially BrE) 公平地/恰當地評判harshly, unfairly苛刻地/不公地評判I think you're judging her rather harshly.我覺得你對她的評判過於苛刻。objectively客觀地評判subjectively主觀地判斷beautifully, carefully, finely, nicely, perfectly (both especially BrE) , well絕妙地判斷;審慎地判斷;很好地判斷
Their performance of the concerto was beautifully judged.他們的演奏體現了對協奏曲精妙的理解。'There's something I haven't told you.' She judged her words carefully.“有件事我還沒告訴你。”她字斟句酌地說。The golfer judged it well, timing the ball to perfection.高爾夫球手判斷準確,擊球時機拿揑得恰到好處。accordingly相應地評判Those who preach intolerance should be judged accordingly.對於那些宣揚排斥異己的人應作出相應的評判。purely, solely僅僅評判He was often judged solely on his looks.人們常常僅根據長相對他進行評判。VERB + JUDGEbe difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to難以判斷;無法評判be able to, be in a position to能夠/有資格評判I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong.我沒有資格評判她的行為是對還是錯。learn to學習評判You soon learn to judge distances when driving.你很快就會學到在開車時如何判斷距離。PREPOSITIONaccording to根據⋯判斷He believed that schools should be judged according to strictly academic criteria.他認為應當根據嚴格的學術標準來評判學校。against對照⋯評判You always judge your own performance against that of others.你總是對照別人來評判自己的表現。by依據⋯評判You will be judged by the work you have produced over the year.將依據你一年來的工作業績對你進行評判。from從⋯評判The age of the furniture can be judged from the type of wood used.可以從所用木料的類型判斷傢具的年代。on在⋯方面作出判斷Your slogan will be judged on its originality and style.將根據創意和風格來評判你們的口號。PHRASEScriteria for judging判斷標準People use different criteria for judging success at school.人們用不同的標準來評判學生在學校成功與否。judge by appearances根據外表評判don't judge a book by its cover (= don't judge sth by how it looks) 不要只憑外表來判斷judging by sth, judging from sth據⋯評判;從⋯判斷He seems to have been a popular person, judging by the number of people at his funeral.從參加他葬禮的人數來看,他生前似乎很受歡迎。to judge by, to judge from從⋯看來To judge from what she said, she was very disappointed.從她所說的話來看,她非常失望。judge for yourself由自己評判Readers are left to judge for themselves whether McCrombie is hero or villain.麥克羅比究竟是英雄還是無賴,讀者可以自行判斷。judge sth on its merits根據⋯本身的情況評判Each painting must be judged on its own merits.每幅畫都必須根據其自身的情況進行評判。not for me, us etc. to judge不是我、我們等能評判的It's not for me to judge whether he made the right decision.他的決定是否正確,輪不到我來評判。
BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115
judge noun
judge1 (a High Court judge) judge2 (the competition judges)
judge verb
judge1 (judge by appearances) judge2 (judge sb guilty) estimate (judge distances)
judge1

noun

a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ magistrate ♦︎ the bench ♦︎ Justice of the Peace ♦︎ JPThese are all words for a person in a court who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how criminals should be punished. 这些词均表示法官、审判员。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配before a judge / a magistrate / the bench / a Justice of the Peace / a JPthe local judge / magistrate / bench / Justice of the Peace / JPthe senior / presiding / district / investigating / chief judge / magistrateto appoint sb as a judge / as a magistrate / to the bench / as a Justice of the Peace / as a JPto address the judge / benchthe judge / magistrate / bench hears / grants stha judge / magistrate orders / awards / adjourns / upholds / considers / dismisses / decides / finds stha judge / magistrate sentences sb judge [countable] a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions 法官;审判员The trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.初审法官驳回了她的赔偿要求。By next year you could be sitting as a High Court judge.明年你就可以担任高等法院的法官了。The case comes before Judge Cooper next week.本案将于下周由库珀法官来审理。 magistrate ˈmædʒɪstreɪt [countable] an official who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how people should be punished in the lowest courts of law 地方法官;治安法官Ten people are due to appear before magistrates today accused of drugs offences.十个被控毒品犯罪的人今天将在地方法院出庭受审。a magistrate's court地方治安法院 the bench [singular] (law 法律) a judge in court or the seat where he/she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate; the group of judges or magistrates who work in a particular court, type of court or area 法官;法官席位;法官(或地方法官)的职位;审判团His lawyer turned to address the bench.他的律师转身对法官讲话。She has recently been appointed to the bench.她最近当上了法官。 ˌJustice of the ˈPeace (plural Justices of the Peace) [countable] (formal) a magistrate 地方法官;治安法官;太平绅士In 1579 he was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent.1579年他被任命为肯特地区的治安法官。NOTE 辨析 Magistrate, Justice of the Peace or JP?The exact use of these terms differs in the legal systems of different countries. In England and Wales Justice of the Peace is just the official title for a magistrate, used especially in historical contexts. In the US a Justice of the Peace is a judge of the lowest level in some state court systems. 这些术语在不同国家的法律体系中用法各不相同。在英格兰和威尔士,Justice of the Peace仅是magistrate的正式称谓,尤用于历史语境中;在美国,Justice of the Peace则是一些州法院体制中最基层的地方法官。 JP ˌdʒeɪ ˈpiː [countable] the abbreviation for 'Justice of the Peace' 地方法官,治安法官,太平绅士(Justice of the Peace的缩写)Helen Alvey JP海伦•阿尔维治安法官She became a JP in 1939.1939年她成为了一名治安法官。judge2

noun

a High Court judge 高等法院的法官the competition judges 比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ referee ♦︎ examiner ♦︎ umpire ♦︎ arbiter ♦︎ moderator ♦︎ refThese are all words for a person whose job or role is to make decisions or give their opinion about sth. 这些词均表示裁判员、评判员或鉴定人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配an independent judge / examinera neutral referee / umpire / arbiterthe ultimate / sole / final judge / arbiterto act as (a) judge / (a) referee / (an) arbiter / (a) moderatora judge / a referee / an umpire decides / awards sththe judge's / referee's / umpire's / ref's decision judge [countable] a person who decides who has won a competition; a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth 裁判员;评判员;鉴定人The judges' decision is final.裁判的决定为最终决定。The winner was chosen by a panel of judges.获胜者由评判小组决定。She's a good judge of character.她很善于鉴别人的性格。You are the best judge of what your body needs.你的身体需要什么,你自己最能判定。The last singer was the best-not that I'm any judge (= I do not know much about the subject).最后一名歌手最棒-倒不是说我有多懂行。 referee ˌrefəˈriː [countable](in sports such as football, basketball and boxing) the official who controls the game and makes sure that the rules are not broken (足球、篮球和拳击等体育运动的)裁判,裁判员He was sent off for arguing with the referee.他因为和裁判发生争执而被罚出场。Graham is a qualified football referee.格雷厄姆是一名取得资格的足球裁判。A referee is also a person who reads and checks the quality of a technical article before it is published. * referee还指专业性文章的审订人All papers are sent out to external referees.所有论文都送外审。 referee

verb

[intransitive, transitive] a refereeing decision裁判决定Who refereed the final / this paper?那场决赛的裁判是谁/这篇论文是谁审阅的?
examiner [countable] (BrE) a person who writes the questions for, or marks, an exam 主考人;考官She was a member of the board of examiners of the college.她曾是学院考试委员会的成员。He is a former senior driving examiner.他过去是一名资深的驾照考官。 see also examine test verb 2 umpire ˈʌmpaɪə(r) [countable](in sports such as tennis, cricket and baseball) an official who watches a game and makes sure that rules are not broken (网球、板球和棒球等体育运动的)裁判,裁判员He received an official warning from the umpire for his conduct.他的行为受到裁判的正式警告。 umpire

verb

[intransitive, transitive] We need someone to umpire.我们得找个人当裁判。to umpire a baseball game / a cricket match担当棒球/板球比赛的裁判
arbiter ˈɑːbɪtə(r); NAmE ˈɑːrbɪtər [countable] (formal) a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted 仲裁人;公断人;裁决人The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene.何为猥亵最终由法律裁决。This style would be dismissed as too ornate by contemporary arbiters of taste.当代鉴赏权威人士会以过分华丽为由摒弃这种式样。 moderator ˈmɒdəreɪtə(r); NAmE ˈmɑːdəreɪtər [countable] (especially NAmE) a person whose job is to make sure that a discussion or debate is fair 会议主持;辩论会主席The moderator of this week's quiz is Professor Edmund James.本周智力竞赛的主持人为埃德蒙•詹姆斯教授。 ref [countable] (informal) (in sports such as football and basketball) a referee (足球和篮球等体育运动的)裁判,裁判员The game isn't over until the ref blows his whistle.裁判吹响哨子比赛才算结束。
judge1

verb

judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判;判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upThese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have. 这些词均表示对某人或某事作出判断。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sthto judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sthto judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sthto judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sthto judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sthto judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potentialto judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situationto judge / assess / gauge the mood / reactionto judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctlyto judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordinglyto judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判断;断定;认为As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.依我看,他们都有责任。Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断,他非常失望。I don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。You shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。You shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。They judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。 see also judgement view 1 , judgemental critical assess əˈses [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge 评估,评定(性质、能力或质量)The new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病号由护理人员作出评估。I'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估计你赢的可能性很小。The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.该委员会负责评定一栋建筑物是否值得保存。 see also assess test verb 2 , assessment assessment evaluate ɪˈvæljueɪt [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully 评价,评估(数量、价值或质量)Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。We need to evaluate how well the system is working.我们需要对这个系统的效果作出评价。 see also evaluation assessment NOTE 辨析 Assess or evaluate?You usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. You usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. Sometimes either word can be used. * assess通常指按照某种标准评价某人或某事是否令人满意。evaluate通常指为更好地理解某人或某事而对其进行评估,以便作出更有依据的决定。有时这两个词可以通用Candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.会对候选人的独立思考能力进行评估。In this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. In the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess. 上面的例句所作的是一种评价。在评估人们工作表现的语境中常用evaluate,因为听起来更正面些。在评估学生考试成绩或课堂表现的语境中通常用assess。 see also assess test verb 2 rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value 评估;评价;估价How did you rate her speech?你怎样评价她的演讲?The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学的研究工作受到高度评价。Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.选民继续把教育看作是头等大事之一。 see also rate rank verb , rating class 4 gauge (NAmE also gage) geɪdʒ [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes 判定,判断(尤指人的感情或态度)He tried to gauge her mood.他试图揣摩她的心情。It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很难判断她是否在生气。 see also gauge criterion noun ˌsize sb/sth ˈup

phrasal verb

(rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth 估量;判断He sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就对形势作出了判断。The children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子们警惕地你看我,我看你,好像在估量对方。
judge2

verb

judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判;判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ decide ♦︎ adjudicateThese words all mean to make an official decision about sb/sth, for example in a competition or in court. 这些词均表示在比赛或法庭等正式场合作出评判或判决。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to decide / adjudicate on / in sthto judge / decide / adjudicate a caseto decide / adjudicate a disputeto decide / adjudicate (in / on) a matter judge [transitive, intransitive] to make an official decision about the result of a competition or about whether sb is guilty or innocent in court; to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them 裁判;审判;评判She was asked to judge the essay competition.她获邀担任这次散文比赛的评委。There will be judging in three age groups.将分三个年龄组来进行评判。They could dismiss workers participating in strikes judged to be illegal.他们可能会解雇那些参与被认定为非法罢工的工人。What gives you the right to judge other people?你有什么权利对别人评头论足? see also judgment conclusion decide [transitive, intransitive] (law 法律) to make an official or legal judgement 裁决;判决The case will be decided by a jury.这个案件将由陪审团裁决。He challenged her right as governor to decide on the matter.作为理事她是否有权决断此事,他提出了质疑。The Appeal Court decided in their favour.上诉法院作出了对他们有利的裁定。It is always possible that the judge may decide against you.法官判你败诉的可能性总是存在。 adjudicate əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations; to be a judge in a competition 判决,裁决(争执等);(比赛中)担任裁判A special subcommittee adjudicates on planning applications.有一个特别小组委员会裁决规划申请项目。Their purpose is to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees.他们的目的是裁决劳资纠纷。Who is adjudicating at this year's contest?今年的比赛谁当裁判? see also arbitrate intervene adjudication

noun

[uncountable, countable] The case was referred to a higher court for adjudication.该案已提交上级法院裁决。The adjudication will be published tomorrow.裁决将于明日公布。
BNC: 1362 COCA: 1115

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