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- exhibitionism 263
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- divinity 242
- maudlin 70
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- call upon 69
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- Existing or continuing for a long time 79
- unerring 512
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- powerful 804
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- rest 461
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- seasonal 72
- haulier 168
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- Tuesday 120
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- fugue 138
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- corner 409
- Manifestation 47
- monument 1040
- Come by 128
- percentile 69
- mutt 81
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- Surgery 271
- detach 274
- bitter 534
- tempt 522
- eugenics 140
- reverberate 263
- lame 587
- repulsive 726
- slum 576
- enclose 650
- Exult 103
- Former 199
- solvable 49
- Fleet Admiral 97
- damnable 354
- cinder 202
- knickers 546
- count towards 73
- finally 513
- gaijin 112
- El Salvador 52
- Lawn 86
- extra 556
- arithmetically 121
- fricassee 198
- furlough 219
- off the rack 38
- muzzle 58
- cam 146
- Institute 605
- substantive 852
- foe 228
- basic 589
- waive 209
- paywall 74
- curtain call 108
- obtrude 107
- underlie 496
- shellfire 62
- furtherance 218
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- particle 800
- cos 333
- ritual 294
- showery 60
- scratchy 97
- english 161
- outmaneuver 72
- Trust 362
- application 1140
- gardening 377
- Fatality 756
- month 325
- Stimulate 869
- dial tone 209
- rehab 67
- impute 76
- World class 99
- Nutritional 104
- Tolerate 432
- graze 262
- pharmacology 90
- dynamism 316
- ottoman 71
- sporran 72
- graduation 936
- folk 695
- grandfather 660
- defect 558
- Avenue 222
- betray 522
- Easily 38
- Look up 374
- plaudit 57
- Upright 121
- askew 131
- Withhold 496
- wheedle 92
- hogmanay 78
- akin 188
- proposition 762
- scold 703
- shipwreck 1046
- Absorb 285
- mug 445
- Seventh 160
- vizier 128
- Presume 73
- intermediate 1129
- sloe 71
- dickens 146
- paradox 133
- Fusion 95
- Saint 484
- originality 202
- Wily 107
- distaste 313
- feminism 285
- Plain 277
- promptly 186
- Sentimental 312
- shuffle 274
- feather 453
- calculate 977
- negate 74
- collapse 798
- cafe 427
- balance 1242
- wainscoting 60
- rocker 124
- fella 155
- Brisket 129
- Summer 143
- exclude 543
- Catalyze 27
- issue 692
- Conveyor 53
- upscale 92
- Closed 182
- chocolate 1488
- pressure 2007
- dalmatian 263
- Intonation 93
- attend 744
- northeasterly 69
- faceless 583
- slam 814
- apposite 624
- scare 776
- godparent 303
- atoll 193
- nephew 546
- Rioting 119
- uninviting 76
- harm 984
- octagonal 50
- bristly 120
- chasm 179
- therefore 648
- fad 292
- chameleon 213
- penultimate 114
- Impound 47
- confederation 509
- brain 899
- drifter 216
- Yawn 205
- moor 126
- overlord 72
- raisin 73
- nullify 68
- bludge 113
- chestnut 268
- bottle 228
- stopgap 69
- stadium 658
- off the beaten track 64
- barrette 265
- Pull 418
- she 135
- Extort 164
- rarely 736
- she's 74
- tenure 222
- pupa 120
- Buck's Fizz 168
- Recondition 41
- brickwork 176
- sincerely 428
- bleak 245
- lay off 347
- roast 484
- negative 2045
- Vicinity 103
- relent 284
- gubbins 149
- unload 547
- fund 1484
- saith 70
- storeroom 92
- parental 76
- Judas 97
- lonely 651
- multitudinous 57
- Recital 291
- count 525
- Screw 253
- leafy 73
- in charge (of) 123
- maidenhair 55
- subsist 149
- Apocalypse 1000
- Outward 99
- cunning 528
- wealthy 742
- Electrical 56
- annoyance 245
- avalanche 994
- cursive 149
- whole wheat 58
- bassist 138
- Expense 876
- Reproach 107
- Iris 88
- Exhaust 168
- notebook 778
- superior 1068
- Kiosk 19
- restriction 1670
- postmodern 83
- rule 1390
- Grinding 114
- used 569
- ravenously 65
- foul 428
- Periphery 44
- Statutory 179
- undignified 226
- covering 478
- triangle 1211
- contributor 1043
- mannered 172
- tax 1116
- unrecognized 62
- ought 442
- shoreline 61
- vindicate 979
- bistro 138
- Illustrate 803
- lime 574
- FIST 135
- Upload 19
- trike 62
- half cocked 136
- reverence 537
- gourmet 172
- moulder 66
- freesia 106
- council 676
- horror 590
- flipped 83
- homogeneity 49
- cut across 211
- inspiration 941
- table 296
- variety 571
- Tiring 53
- Combustion 36
- excite 727
- free-range 540
- crusade 262
- historical 1449
- hallucinate 406
- loll 127
- infinite 872
- purist 85
- wingman 53
- Mortar 422
- Kayak 189
- Mileage 117
- get around 298
- architect 1266
- pure-bred 33
- specter 183
- Clothing 94
- govern 677
- extracurricular 471
- conjecture 275
- Anonymous 496
- secrete 152
- digital immigrant 154
- Nerves 97
- antipasto 194
- loop 714
- sturdy 211
- deep fry 198
- Leaflet 166
- robbery 700
- glorify 194
- noughties 63
- namesake 91
- temperate 365
- Emit 252
- celeb 158
- Omnipresent 907
- All 145
- Commemorative 23
- retail 595
- humidity 279
- farthest 284
- privately 87
- animatronics 155
- grid 255
- exhaustion 914
- academic 1091
- In advance 13
- razor 488
- spare 271
- prediction 610
- Cyclops 55
- exercises 289
- strapless 76
- inglorious 67
- gotcha 98
- Appliance 124
- Corporeal 22
- entwine 126
- Slime 169
- liquor 851
- Rudimentary 114
- Relation 695
- crumpet 107
- slop 246
- What roads, paths and areas of land do 1
- barren 181
- Whereby 282
- toward 357
- Excitement 855
- juniper 100
- actuality 302
- structural 824
- minimalism 88
- deed 631
- clubhouse 290
- debauch 124
- exemplary 691
- half-caste 272
- intermezzo 74
- impoverished 203
- make a run for it 47
- Gubernatorial 375
- community centre 161
- Mutter 254
- thirdly 469
- maximum 544
- headmaster 981
- turmoil 269
- Straightforward 203
- remodel 100
- entirety 271
- collar 629
- smacker 82
- Underworld 59
- sequinned 50
- Doctorate 35
- Drip 304
- earthmover 211
- double date 177
- Proceed 459
- deplorable 640
- Production 228
- apprehend 343
- insectivorous 221
- Falter 18
- honeysuckle 73
- betrothal 169
- expiate 162
- incident 1564
- painter 620
- tan 506
- plankton 304
- besotted 207
- Off 150
- tertiary 68
- classify 1329
- Overdose 280
- whet 97
- pasteboard 67
- equal 583
- Sponsor 547
- Series of events or occurrences 75
- suite 306
- emerging 817
- slink 397
- Aggressive 1471
- Uniform 208
- whoever 487
- congresswoman 479
- Volunteer 270
- Anthropology 99
- cheat on sb 226
- periphery 318
- INTRICATE 285
- ear-splitting 213
- fluster 459
- parlous 73
- Decree 157
- kirk 80
- given name 228
- thin 595
- Saga 258
- addicted 499
- judo 507
- Viewer 251
- irreligious 69
- invent 564
break verb DAMAGE
A2 [ I or T ] to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏
The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。
Charles is always breaking things.查尔斯老是打碎东西。
She fell and broke her arm (= broke the bone in her arm).她摔断了胳膊。
I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.我把花瓶掉在地上摔碎了。
I think I've broken your phone.我想我弄坏了你的电话。
I picked it up and the handle broke off.我把它捡了起来，可手柄断了。
We heard the sound of breaking glass.我们听见玻璃破碎的声音。
More examples
Take an egg and break it into the bowl.
I've broken my leg, but the doctor says that it's a clean break, so it should heal easily.
If you force the zip, it'll break.
Things got a little wild at the party and three windows were broken.
His mother scolded him for breaking her favourite vase.
break verb END
B2 [ I or T ] to destroy or end something, or to come to an end毁坏，打破；结束，终结
Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。
She laughed and that broke the tension.她大笑起来，打破了紧张气氛。
The enemy were unable to break the code (= understand it and so make it useless).敌人无法破译密码。
Outside workers were brought in in an attempt to break (= end) the strike.外面的工人被调进来以结束罢工。
break a/the record
B2 to do something better than the best known speed, time, number, etc. previously achieved打破纪录
She broke the record for the 5,000 metres.她打破了5000米的纪录。
More examples
The routine was the same every day, with nothing to break the monotony.
A thrush's song was the only sound to break the silence.
She managed to decipher/break/crack the code.
I'm trying to get him to break the habit of switching on the TV when he comes home at night.
She came perilously close to getting herself killed in her attempt to break the world record.
break verb NOT OBEY
B2 [ T ] to fail to keep a law, rule, or promise破坏；违反；违背
He didn't know he was breaking the law (= doing something illegal).他不知道自己的行为是犯法的。
She broke her promise/word to me (= did not do what she promised she would).她违背了对我的诺言。
More examples
They connived to break the school rules at every opportunity.
She seems to think that it's perfectly all right to break the law.
She is at worst corrupt, and at best has been knowingly breaking the rules.
He broke his promise and there wasn't a thing we could do about it.
They broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient.
break verb DIVIDE
[ I or T, + adv/prep ] to (cause something to) divide into two or more parts or groups分散；分开；分解
These enzymes break down food in the stomach (= cause food to separate into smaller pieces).这些酶在胃中分解食物。
I asked her to break her expenses down into food, travel and personal costs.我叫她把日常开支细分为食品、旅行和个人花销。
More examples
An enzyme in the saliva of the mouth starts the process of breaking down the food.
Vitamin B6 helps build and break down carbohydrates, fats, and protein, and aids in the formation and maintenance of the nervous system.
The syllabus is broken down into four main areas: reading, writing, listening and speaking.
The story is broken down into little bits of text to help children read it themselves.
It's much easier if you break down large projects into a series of small tasks.
break verb INTERRUPT
B1 [ T ] to interrupt or to stop something for a short period打断；中断，中止
We usually break for lunch at 12.30.我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。
I needed something to break the monotony of my typing job.我需要做点什么来打发打字工作的单调。
The phone rang, breaking my concentration.电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。
UK They decided to break their journey in Singapore.他们决定在新加坡稍作停留。
More examples
Sara says she needs a clean break with the past.
I need a break, a complete change of scene.
I see it's approaching lunchtime, so let's take a break.
During the break between games, she had a drink of water and wiped the perspiration off her face and arms with a towel.
You shouldn't drive for more than three hours without taking a break.
break verb USE FORCE
C2 [ I or T, usually + adv/prep ] to go somewhere or do something by force急冲；猛闯；突破
He threatened to break the door down (= enter using force).他威胁要砸门进来。
The horse tried to break free from its stable.那匹马想从马厩里挣脱出去。
In the storm the boat broke loose from its moorings.暴风雨中船脱开了缆绳。
The thieves broke the safe open and stole the diamonds.盗贼撬开保险箱偷走了钻石。
The police broke up the fight (= ended it forcefully).警方强行制止了打斗。
She broke his grip and ran away.她用力挣脱了他的手，跑开了。
break verb EMOTION
[ I or T ] to lose your confidence, determination, or ability to control yourself, or to make someone do this（使）（自控能力、信心、意志等）崩溃
He thought she would break under the strain.他觉得她在压力之下会崩溃的。
They tried to break his will (= make him lose his control) but he resisted.他们企图使他失去自控，但他顶住了。
break verb BECOME KNOWN
C2 [ I or T ] to become known or to make something become known暴露，泄漏；透露；传开
When the scandal broke (= came to the public's attention), the CEO resigned immediately.丑闻曝光后，首席执行官立刻辞职了。
It was the local newspaper that first broke the story (= told the public).是当地的报纸首先披露了这件事。
break verb WAVES
[ I usually + adv/prep ] (of waves) to reach and move over the beach, hit a cliff or wall, etc.（波浪）拍岸，迸溅
A huge wave broke on/against the shore/over the boat.一个大浪打在岸边／冲上了轮船。
break verb WEATHER
break verb STORM
break verb DAY
dawn/day breaks
When dawn or day breaks, the sun starts to appear in the sky early in the morning.（晨光）初现；（天）破晓
Dawn broke over the city.城市上空，天光破晓。
break verb VOICE
break verb TENNIS
break serve
(in tennis) to win a game in which another player is serving (= hitting the ball first)（网球比赛中）破发球
Nadal broke Cilic's serve in the second set.纳达尔在第二盘中破了契利奇的发球局。
break verb FOOTBALL
[ I ] If a football team breaks, it gets the ball in its own half and attacks quickly into the opposing team's half.（足球比赛中）反击
Blues broke quickly, catching Wolves on the back foot.蓝队（切尔西队）快速反击，打了狼队（伍尔弗汉普顿流浪队）一个措手不及。
break noun INTERRUPTION
[ C ] an interruption中止，中断
Finally there was a break in the rain and we went out.雨终于停了，我们都出来了。
[ C ] mainly UK the short period of advertisements between television programmes广告时间
I'll make us a cup of tea in the next break.下次插播广告时我去给大家泡杯茶。
A2 [ C ] a short period of rest, when food or drink is sometimes eaten休息；（用茶点的）休息时间
a coffee break喝咖啡的休息时间
UK a tea break茶歇
a lunch/dinner break午／晚餐时间
We'll take another break at 3.30.我们三点半再休息一次。
They worked through the night without a break.他们连续工作了一个晚上。
Do you usually take a morning/afternoon break?你通常上午／下午中间休息吗？
[ U ] mainly UK also break time the regular time in the middle of the morning or afternoon, for school students to talk or play, and sometimes have food or drink课间休息
We were talking about it at break.我们课间休息时在谈论这事。
B1 [ C ] a time away from work or your regular activity, or a holiday（中断工作或日常活动的）休息时间；假期
Take a couple of weeks off - you need a break.请两个星期的假吧——你需要休息。
How long is the Christmas break this year?今年的圣诞假期有多长？
We decided to have a short/spring/winter/weekend break in Paris.我们决定在巴黎停留一下／休春假／休寒假／度周末。
I'll read your report over (= during) the Christmas break.我将在圣诞节休假期间看你的报告。
I need a break from typing.我需要休息一段时间，不打字。
give sb a break
to allow someone some time away from their work or regular activities给…一些休息时间；让…有机会搁下日常的活动或工作
I babysit every Friday to give her a break.每周五我都负责照看孩子，好给她一点休息的时间。
informal to stop criticizing or annoying someone, or behaving in an unpleasant way停止批评…；饶恕…
Give her a break - she's only a child and she didn't mean any harm.饶了她吧——她还只是个孩子，况且她并无恶意。
More examples
Sara says she needs a clean break with the past.
I need a break, a complete change of scene.
I see it's approaching lunchtime, so let's take a break.
During the break between games, she had a drink of water and wiped the perspiration off her face and arms with a towel.
You shouldn't drive for more than three hours without taking a break.
break noun OPPORTUNITY
break noun DAMAGE
break noun END
[ C ] the end of a relationship, connection, or way of doing something毁坏；打破；结束，终结
Their decision to not name their daughter Jane was a break with family tradition.他们决定不给女儿起名为简，这违背了家族传统。
make a break also make the break
to stop having a close relationship with someone, especially stop living with them , or to change a course of action that you have had for a long time与…结束关系（尤指不再住在一起）；改变（一贯的行为）
You've been in your job for years - it's time you made a break.那份工作你已干了多年了——是时候改变一下了。
When a relationship ends, it's often best to make a clean/complete break (= suddenly and completely stop seeing each other).结束一段感情最好是彻底一刀两断。
break noun SPORT
[ C ] in tennis, a game won by the player who was not serving (= hitting the ball first)（网球中的）破发，接发球得分
Murray must get another break (of serve) to win.穆雷必须再破对方一个发球局才能赢。
[ C ] in snooker and billiards, the number of points that a player gets during one turn at hitting the balls（斯诺克和台球中的）一杆得分，一次连续得分
[ S ] in football, an occasion when a defending team gains possession of the ball in its own half and attacks quickly into the opposing team's half（足球比赛中的）反击
break noun ESCAPE
make a break (from/for)
to escape from/towards somewhere or something, often by force（常指用暴力）逃离，逃脱
A group of prisoners made a break from the jail a few years back.几年前一群犯人越狱逃跑了。
The cat made a break for the door.那只猫向门口跑去。
When he let go, I made a break for it (= escaped quickly).他一放开我，我马上就遛了。
See also
break noun MORNING
break of day [ U ] literary
the time when the sun rises in the morning破晓
We set out at break of day.我们破晓时分出发。
See also
noun¹
noun²
noun³
verb
verb
break noun
⇨ holiday 1 (Spring Break) ⇨ holiday 2 (a weekend break) ⇨ opportunity (a lucky break) ⇨ pause (a break in your routine) ⇨ rest 2 (a lunch break) break verb
⇨ break 1 (break a window/leg) ⇨ break 2 (a machine breaks) ⇨ break 3 (break the law) ⇨ break 4 (break a promise) ⇨ convey (break the news to sb) break 1 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 ➡ See also the entry for smash 另见smash条 break ♦︎ crack ♦︎ fracture ♦︎ snap These words all refer to sth being damaged as a result of force, usually so that it separates into two or more parts. 这些词均表示打破、破裂、断裂。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / crack / fracture a bone / rib ◆ to break / fracture your hip / jaw / wrist ◆ to crack / fracture your skull ◆ to break / crack a / an cup / egg / mirror ◆ a branch / cable / rope breaks / snaps ◆ a broken / cracked / fractured pipe ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] to damage sth or be damaged so that it separates into two or more parts, as a result of force （使）破，裂，碎 ◆ She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces .她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。 ◆ She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她从梯子上掉下来，摔断了胳膊。 ◆ I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。 ◆ He broke the chocolate in two and gave me half.他把那块巧克力一分为二，给了我一半。 ◆ How did this dish get broken ?这只盘子是怎么打破的？ ▸ breakage ˈbreɪkɪdʒ [countable , uncountable ] ◆ The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。 ◆ Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好，以免破损。 ■ crack [intransitive , transitive ] (of sth hard) to break so that lines appear in it, but without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way （使硬物）破裂，裂开，断裂 ◆ The ice cracked as I stepped on it.我一踩冰就裂了。 ◆ The leather / mud / paint / plaster had cracked.皮革／泥／油漆／灰泥已开裂。 ◆ He has cracked a bone in his arm.他的手臂有一处骨裂。 ◆ Her lips were dry and cracked.她的嘴唇干裂了。 ⓘ Less frequently, to crack can involve breaking into separate parts, if it is used with a preposition. * crack与介词连用可表示打碎，此义较少用 ◆ She cracked an egg into the pan.她往锅里打了一个鸡蛋。 crack ⇨ crack noun ■ fracture ˈfræktʃə(r) [intransitive , transitive ] (formal ) to break or crack; to make sth break or crack （使）断裂，折断，破裂 ◆ Cast iron is not only heavy, but likely to fracture.铸铁不仅重，还有可能断裂。 ◆ A gas escape from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the explosion.可能是从破裂的管道里泄露的煤气引发了爆炸。 ◆ He fell and fractured his skull.他跌倒摔裂了颅骨。 ▸ fracture [countable , uncountable ] ◆ She sustained two fractures to her leg.她的一条腿有两处骨折。 ◆ Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.地层移动可能导致管道破裂。 NOTE 辨析 Any of these verbs can be used for bones; break or fracture but not crack can be used for joints. 这些动词均可指骨折或骨裂。break和fracture可指关节部位的骨折，但crack不能 ◆ He cracked his hip/jaw/wrist. Only break can be used for arms and legs. 只有break可指手臂和腿骨折 ◆ She cracked/fractured her arm/leg. Fracture is the usual verb for talking about skulls (= the bone structure in the head) ; you can also use crack , but not break . 颅骨开裂通常用fracture，也可用crack，但不用break ◆ He fell and broke his skull. ■ snap (-pp- [intransitive , transitive ] to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break sth in this way （使喀嚓）断裂，绷断 ◆ Suddenly the rope snapped.绳子突然啪地绷断了。 ◆ The wind had snapped the tree in two.风把树喀嚓一声刮断了。 break 2 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ fail ♦︎ break down ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go down These are all words that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 这些词均表示机器出故障、失灵。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a video / watch breaks / goes wrong ◆ a washing machine breaks down / goes wrong ◆ an engine fails / breaks down ◆ a computer goes wrong / crashes ◆ a system fails / crashes / goes down ■ break (broke , broken [intransitive , transitive ] (of a device or small machine) to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage a device or small machine and stop it from working （装置或小型机器）损坏，坏掉；弄坏 ◆ My watch has broken.我的表坏了。 ◆ I think I've broken the video.我可能把录像机弄坏了。 ■ fail [intransitive ] (of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working （系统、机器或系统的一部分）出故障，失灵；（身体部位）出毛病 ◆ The air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空调系统在一年里最热的那天瘫痪了。 ◆ The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行车下山途中车闸失灵了。 ▸ failure [uncountable , countable ] ◆ patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心脏／肾衰竭的病人 ◆ A power failure plunged everything into darkness.停电使一切陷入黑暗。 ■ ˌbreak ˈdown (broke , broken (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault （机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉 ◆ The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣机又坏了。 ◆ We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。 ▸ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn ◆ a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛锚 ■ ˌgo ˈwrong (goes , went , gone to stop working correctly 发生故障；出毛病 ◆ My watch keeps going wrong.我的手表老是出毛病。 ◆ The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新电视机出故障的部件会更少。 ⓘ Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong ; whole vehicles cannot. * go wrong指机器、装置或机器和车辆的零部件出毛病，车辆整体发生故障不能用go wrong ◆ The car has gone wrong again. If sth goes wrong , it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down . * go wrong所指的故障未必使事物完全停止运转，break或break down则指彻底坏掉。 ■ crash [intransitive , transitive ] (of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly; to make a computer or computer system stop working suddenly （使计算机或计算机系统）崩溃 ◆ Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。 ▸ crash [countable ] ◆ A systems crash in the morning and a bomb scare in the afternoon provided enough excitement.上午的计算机系统崩溃和下午的炸弹恐吓让人受够了刺激。 ■ ˌgo ˈdown (goes , went , gone [intransitive ] (of a computer system) to stop working temporarily （计算机系统）暂停运行 ◆ The system is going down in ten minutes.系统十分钟后要暂停运行。 NOTE 辨析 crash and this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down , it may have been turned off deliberately to prevent people from using it while work is carried out on it. * crash指单个计算机或整个系统意外地突然崩溃；go down指系统或许被故意关闭，以阻止执行工作时有人使用。 break 3 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ breach ♦︎ infringe ♦︎ violate These words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle. 这些词均表示违反法律、协议或原则。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / breach / infringe a regulation ◆ to break / breach / violate a rule / law / treaty ◆ to break / infringe / violate a code ◆ to break / violate a ceasefire / truce ◆ to breach / infringe / violate copyright ◆ to breach / infringe / violate Article 12 of the treaty ■ break [transitive ] to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement 违反（法律、规定或协议） ◆ to break an agreement / a contract违反协议／合同 ◆ Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你愿意为达到目的而违反法律吗？ ◆ They insist that they have not broken any rules.他们坚持说他们没有违反任何规章。 ◆ He was breaking the speed limit (= driving faster than the law allows) .他违章超速行驶。 OPP obey ⇨ follow 3 ■ breach briːtʃ [transitive ] (formal ) to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law 违背；违反；违犯 ◆ The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.政府被控违反条约中的规定。 OPP comply ⇨ follow 3 ▸ breach [countable , uncountable ] ◆ a breach of contract / copyright / warranty违约；侵犯版权；违反保证 ◆ This action is in breach of Article 119 of the Constitution.该行为触犯了宪法第119条。 NOTE 辨析 Breach is more formal. You can breach a particular rule, but you would break 'the law' in general. 与break相比，breach较正式。特指违反某一规章可用breach，泛指违法则用break ◆ areas where EU limits were breached违反欧盟限制的地区 ◆ They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. People break laws . Either people or actions can breach rules . 表示人违法用break laws，人或行为违背规章均可用breach rules。 ■ infringe ɪnˈfrɪndʒ [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights （行动或计划）违法；侵犯，侵害（合法权益） ◆ The material can be copied without infringing copyright.这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。 ◆ They said that compulsory identity cards would infringe civil liberties.他们说强制办理身份证会侵犯公民自由。 ◆ She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.她拒绝回答侵犯她隐私的问题。 ▸ infringement [uncountable , countable ] ◆ copyright infringement对版权的侵犯 ◆ an infringement of his personal liberty对他的人身自由的侵犯 ■ violate ˈvaɪəleɪt [transitive ] (formal ) to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy 违反，违犯，违背（法律、原则或协议）；搅扰；侵犯（隐私） ◆ The directive violates fundamental human rights.该指令违反基本人权。 ◆ She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.她指责新闻摄影记者侵犯了她的隐私。 OPP respect ⇨ follow 3 invade ⇨ interfere ▸ violation [countable , uncountable ] ◆ gross violations of human rights对人权的粗暴践踏 ◆ They were in open violation of the treaty.他们公然违反条约。 NOTE 辨析 Violate often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong. Infringe can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as violate , which is more about universal human rights. * violate所描述的行为常常不仅是非法的，还是不道德的。infringe可以指侵犯个人权利，但不如violate强烈，violate更多指侵犯普世人权。 break 4 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿 a machine breaks 机器坏了 break the law 违反法律 break a promise 违背诺言 break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sth These words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 这些词均表示改变、撤回原先的声明、观点或承诺。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to break / withdraw / go back on a promise ◆ to break / go back on your word / an agreement ◆ to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession ■ break [transitive ] to not keep a promise or agreement 违背（诺言或协议） ◆ I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我从未食言过，为什么现在要这么做？ ◆ She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them) .她已经爽约三次了。 OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː (withdrew , withdrawn [transitive ] (formal ) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤销（说过的话） ◆ The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.这家报纸第二天收回了那些说法。 ■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal , especially journalism 尤用于新闻 ) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行为上）作出（令人尴尬的）彻底转变 ◆ The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在欧洲政策上也许再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大转变。 ⓘ Do a U-turn doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to . * do a U-turn最常出现在与政治和商业相关的语境里。由于do a U-turn被视作令人尴尬的做法，故通常与have to、be forced to等动词连用。 U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract rɪˈtrækt [transitive ] (formal ) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤销，收回（说过的话） ◆ He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供词，后来又翻供。 retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用 ◆ to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤销声明／说法／供词 However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession ) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不过，某人被迫说了本意不想说的话（如假供词），但希望能说出真实的看法时较常用retract；某人作出了针对他人未经证实的断言或指控，被迫承认所言非实时较常用withdraw。 ■ recant rɪˈkænt [transitive , intransitive ] (formal ) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指旧时）公开宣布放弃（原先的信仰或观点） ◆ In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公开宣布放弃地球围绕太阳运转的断言。 ■ ˌtake sth ˈback (took , taken (informal , spoken ) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（说过的不当的话） ◆ OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我说过的话统统收回！ ⓘ Take sth back Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back . * take sth back最常用于口语表达，如Would you like to take that back?（你愿意收回那句话吗？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句话吗？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我说过的话（统统）收回。） ■ backtrack ˈbæktræk [intransitive ] (especially business 尤用于商业 or politics 政治 ) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈于压力而）改变声明（或主张），出尔反尔；退缩 ◆ The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工会不得不改变了主要的诉求。 ■ ˌgo ˈback on sth (goes , sent , gone (informal ) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 违背承诺；食言；改变主意 ◆ They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他们无意背弃他们作出的任何承诺。
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break
To break: break, fall apart, shatter...
To injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...
To make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...
To fail to obey a rule, law or command: cross a line, break, defy...
To not keep a promise: break, go back on, renege...
To make someone feel disappointed or less hopeful: disappoint, let down, discourage...
To lose hope, or to give up hope: give up on, despair, darken...
To publish something, or to be published: self-publish, publish, print...
To broadcast or be broadcast on television or radio: broadcast, report, give out...
To tell someone something, or to give information: tell, deliver, report...
To stop doing something: stop, break off, give up...
To stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...
To end a friendship or relationship: defriend, unfriend, break off...
To make a sound: sound, tap out, let out...
The coming of night and day: break, close in, night falls...
Changes in the weather: break, break through, brighten up...
What voices can do: break, choke, crack...
What liquids can do: break, burst, cast up...
Codes and codification: alphanumeric, break, CAPTCHA...
To get better after an illness: recovery, survive, recover...
General words for rest and relaxation: relaxation, comfort, breathing space...
Time off from work: absenteeism, break, career break...
Types of holiday: activity holiday, adventure holiday, babymoon...
The school or university day: after-school, assembly, break...
Parts of television and radio programmes: action replay, break, clip...
Pauses, intervals and halts: pause, interval, halt...
Space and amounts of space: accommodation, air pocket, break...
Signs of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight...
Describing or relating to bones and joints: a clean break, arthritic, break...
Opportunities: opportunity, chance, choice...
Tone or quality of voice: break, cadence, croak...
Tennis: ace, advantage, bagel...
Snooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...
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