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IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
referencenounuk/ˈref.ər.əns/ us/ˈref.ɚ.əns/

reference noun MENTION

B2 [ C or U ] a mention of something提到；谈到；论及

Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings.因为我知道发生了什么，所以就避开不谈婚礼的事儿。
formal I am writing with/in reference to (= in connection with) your letter of 15 March.现就3月15日贵函致复。

More examples

She made a veiled reference to her former employer.

He made several references to his time in France.

I am writing to you with reference to the job advertised in yesterday's newspaper.

He spoke at length without once making reference to the current crisis.

She spoke in very vague terms and there were no direct references to specific situations.

reference noun IN A PIECE OF WRITING

B2 [ C ] a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found引文出处；参考书目

[ C ] abbreviation ref in a business letter, a number that tells you who to speak to or where to look for more information（商务信函中为方便查询所用的）标识，编号，标记

In all future letters on this subject, please use/quote our reference JW/155/C.今后有关此事项的所有信件都请标明我方编号JW/155/C。

More examples

You need to make a list of all your references.

There was a long list of references at the end of the article.

Where are your references?

reference noun LETTER

B2 [ C ] a letter that is written by someone who knows you, to describe you and say if you are suitable for a job, course, etc.推荐信；介绍信

My old headteacher said he would write/give me a glowing (= very good) reference.我以前的中学校长说他会为我写一封很好的推荐信。

More examples

We need a reference from your former employer.

I like to keep in with my ex-employer, you never know when you might need a reference.

We should really have taken up her references.

I'm often asked to provide references for ex-employees.

She provided a written reference from a previous employer.

reference noun LOOK AT

C1 [ U ] a quick look at a book, piece of paper, etc. in order to find information and help参考，查阅

He made the whole speech without reference to the notes in front of him.他整场演讲完全没有参考自己面前的笔记。
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference

noun¹

 1mentioning sb/sth談到ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤extensive廣泛提及▸➤brief, casual, passing簡要提及；隨口提到；順便提及▸➤occasional偶爾提及▸➤frequent, repeated頻頻提起；再三提及▸➤constant不斷提及▸➤further進一步的涉及◇They could find no further reference to Mr LaMotte in the records.他們找不到有關拉莫特先生更多的記錄了。➤general一般性的提及▸➤particular, special, specific特別涉及；具體指明◇She won a grant to study political science with special reference to China.她獲得了專門研究中國政治的政治學獎學金。➤direct, explicit, express (law法律, especially BrE) , overt直接提及；直截了當的提及；明確的提及；公開提到▸➤cryptic, indirect, oblique, obscure, subtle, vague, veiled隱晦的提及；間接提到；巧妙的提及；模糊的提及▸➤clear, obvious清楚的提到；明顯提及▸➤ambiguous模稜兩可的提到➤early早期提到◇one of the earliest references to the game of chess最早提到象棋的資料之一➤biblical, cultural, historical, literary, religious《聖經》指涉；文化指涉；歷史上提及；文學指涉；宗教指涉▸➤written書面提及VERB + REFERENCE➤contain, have, include包含指涉；有提及◇Her diary contains no reference to the alleged appointment.她的日記上根本沒記什麼所謂的約會。➤drop, make無意中提及；提到◇He dropped casual references to the legacy of his great work.他不經意地提到他的巨著的影響。◇The article makes no reference to his first marriage.這篇文章隻字未提他的第一次婚姻。➤delete, drop, omit, remove不提◇The new constitution dropped all reference to previous wars.新憲法絲毫未提以前的戰爭。➤avoid避免提及▸➤find找到提及之處➤get, understand理解指涉◇The audience didn't get the references to colonialism.觀眾沒有理解其中涉及到的殖民主義的內容。PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference提及◇In an obvious reference to the president, he talked of corruption in high places.他談到了高層的貪污腐敗，明顯是在影射總統。➤in reference to, with reference to (in letters用於信函) 關於◇I am writing with reference to your job application.關於您申請工作一事，現特函回覆。➤reference to對⋯的提及◇The summary should be comprehensible without reference back to the source work.摘要應明白易懂，無需再提及原文。◇The book is filled with references to God.整本書滿是提及上帝的內容。
reference

noun²

 2consulting sb/sth for advice/help/information咨詢ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤easy, quick容易查找；迅速查考◇The book is organized alphabetically for easy reference.為了便於查閱，這本書是按字母順序排列的。➤further, future進一步／日後參考PREPOSITION➤by reference to參照◇Our charges are calculated by reference to an hourly rate.我們的收費是按每小時固定費率計算的。➤for reference作為參考◇Retain a copy of the form for future reference.留一份表格以備日後參考。➤without reference to未徵求◇The decision was made without reference to local managers.此決定未徵求當地主管的意見。PHRASES➤for sb's own reference, for sb's personal reference供某人自己參考／私下參考◇I made a copy of your work, just for my own reference.我複印了一份你的作品，僅供我自己參考。➤for reference purposes作為參考◇She needs the book for reference purposes.她需要這本書作參考。➤a source of reference參考資料◇The book is an invaluable source of reference for the art historian.對藝術史學家們來說，這本參考書是無價之寶。
reference

noun³

 3book containing facts/information含事實或信息的書ADJECTIVE | REFERENCE + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤general綜合性的參考書◇The book is by far the best general reference on natural history.這本書是目前研究博物學最好的大全。➤comprehensive綜合性的參考書➤essential必不可少的參考書➤handy, useful手邊的／有用的參考書➤excellent, good絕佳的／出色的參考書➤standard標準的參考書➤online在線參考書◇an online reference tool在線參考工具REFERENCE + NOUN➤book, guide, manual, material, source, text, work參考書；參考指南；參考資料；參考文獻；參考作品➤tool參考工具（書）▸➤library參考書閱覽室▸➤section資料室◇You'll find the information in the reference section of your local library.你可以在當地圖書館的資料室裏找到相關信息。➤desk (= in a library) (especially NAmE) （圖書館）咨詢台➤librarian (especially NAmE) 參考書管理員
reference

noun⁴

 4number/note/symbol數字；註釋；標記ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | REFERENCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤copious大量的參考▸➤full完備的參考書目◇For full references of all books cited, see Appendix B.所有參考書目的詳細信息見附錄 B。➤appropriate適當參考◇Please quote the appropriate reference in your letter.請在信中提供恰當的參考資料。➤bibliographic, bibliographical參考書目▸➤page頁碼索引▸➤grid, map格網參照；地圖點位號VERB + REFERENCE➤quote引用引文▸➤cite, give引述／提供出處◇References to original sources are given at the end of each chapter.每一章節後面提供了原始資料的出處。➤check核對出處REFERENCE + NOUN➤number參照號PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference在參考書目中◇The date of publication should be included in the reference.出版日期應包括在參考書目中。➤reference to參見◇a reference to page 17參見第 17 頁PHRASES➤a list of references參考資料目錄
reference

noun⁵

 5letter about your character/abilities介紹信ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤glowing, good熱情洋溢的／有利的介紹信➤bad不利的介紹信▸➤character人品介紹信VERB + REFERENCE➤ask for索要介紹信➤need需要介紹信▸➤give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb)（向某人）提供介紹信；（給某人）寫推薦信▸➤follow up, take up (BrE) 核實介紹信；與推薦人聯繫◇They've taken up my references (= contacted the people who provided them), so they must be interested in me.他們已聯繫了我的推薦人，一定是對我感興趣才這麼做的。PREPOSITION➤reference from⋯的推薦信◇a reference from your current employer現任雇主的推薦信PHRASES➤a letter of reference推薦信
reference

noun⁶

 6 (especially NAmE) recommends sb for a job推薦  ➡ see also referee VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION VERB + REFERENCE➤act as, be做推薦人➤contact聯繫推薦人PREPOSITION➤reference for⋯的推薦人◇His former employer agreed to act as a reference for him.他的前任雇主答應做他的推薦人。
reference

noun⁷

 7standards by which sth is judged評判標準REFERENCE + NOUN | PHRASES REFERENCE + NOUN➤point基準點；參照點➤group參照組◇Gene frequencies were calculated then compared with the Finnish population as a reference group.先對基因頻率進行了計算，然後以芬蘭人口為參照組進行了對比。➤sample (science科學) 參照樣本PHRASES➤a frame of reference準則◇People interpret events within their own frame of reference.人們都根據自己的標準來解讀各類事件。➤a point of reference參照點◇Unemployment serves as a useful point of reference in examining social problems.失業情況是研究社會問題的有效參照。➤terms of reference (especially BrE) 授權範圍◇The matter was outside the committee's terms of reference.這件事已超出了委員會的授權範圍。
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference noun
⇨ reference (with reference to your letter of 22 July) ⇨ endorsement (a reference from your last employer) reference

noun

reference ♦︎ mention ♦︎ quote ♦︎ quotation ♦︎ citation ♦︎ allusionThese are all words for sth that you say or write that mentions or repeats sb/sth else. 这些词均表示提到、谈及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a quote / quotation / citation (taken) from sb / sth◆in a reference / an allusion to sb / sth◆a brief reference / mention / allusion◆the earliest reference to / mention of sb / sth◆to make no reference to / mention of sb / sth◆to be full of references / allusions to sth◆This quote / quotation / citation comes from...■ reference [countable, uncountable] something that you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth 说到（或写到）的事；提到；谈及◆In an obvious reference to the president, she talked of corruption in high places.她谈到高层人员的腐败问题，显然是在影射总统。◆She made no reference to her illness, but only to her future plans.她没有提及自己的病，只说了未来的打算。◆ (formal, written) With reference to your letter of 22 July...关于你7月22日的来信⋯  see also refer to sb/sth ⇨ mention verb ■ mention [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the act of mentioning sb/sth; sth that you say or write that mentions sb/sth else 提到；谈及；说到（或写到）的事◆He went white at the mention of her name.提到她的名字时他脸色煞白。◆We have several other products worthy of mention.我们有其他几种产品值得一提。◆The concert didn't even get a mention in the newspapers.各家报纸对这场音乐会只字未提。  see also mention ⇨ mention verb NOTE 辨析 Reference or mention? Reference is usually countable; the uncountable form is mostly used in fixed expressions in formal writing. Mention is more often uncountable; the countable form can be slightly informal, as in the phrase get a mention. * reference通常作可数名词，不可数形式主要用于正式文章的固定用语中。mention较常作不可数名词，可数形式稍偏非正式，如短语get a mention。■ quote [countable] (informal) words or lines taken from a book or play or sth that sb has said, and repeated because they are interesting or useful 引文；引语◆This quote comes from a poem by Robert Browning.这句引语出自罗伯特•勃朗宁的一首诗。◆The article included quotes from detectives who worked on the case.文中引述了办理此案的侦探的话。■ quotation kwəʊˈteɪʃn; NAmE kwoʊˈteɪʃn [countable, uncountable] (formal or written) words or lines taken from a book, play, speech, etc. and repeated because they are interesting or useful; the act of repeating a quotation 引文；引语；语录；引用◆The book began with a quotation from Goethe.这本书一开头引用了歌德的隽语。◆The writer illustrates his point by quotation from a number of sources.作者旁征博引以证明自己的观点。NOTE 辨析 Quote or quotation?Both these words can refer to words taken from writing or formal speeches. 这两个词均可指从著作或正式演讲辞引用的话◆a quote / quotation from Shakespeare一条莎士比亚名言But only quote is used when repeating informal speech. 但引述非正式讲话仅用quote◆quotations from detectives who worked on the case   see also quote ⇨ mention verb , quote ⇨ quote verb ■ citation saɪˈteɪʃn [countable, uncountable] (formal or written) a quotation from or reference to a book, piece or writing or author, especially in academic writing; the act of repeating a citation 引文；引语；（尤指学术著作中的）引述；引用◆The report contained several citations taken from her PhD thesis.该报告载有几处取自她的博士论文的引文。◆Space does not permit the citation of examples.篇幅有限，示例从略。   see also cite ⇨ mention , cite ⇨ quote ■ allusion əˈluːʒn [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) something that is said or written that refers to another person or subject in an indirect way 间接提到的事；暗指；典故◆His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings.他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。◆Her poetry is full of obscure literary allusion.她的诗随处可见晦涩的文学典故。   see also allude to sb/sth ⇨ mention
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904

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