bitter adj. ⇨bitter1 (a bitter taste)⇨bitter2 (bitter feelings)⇨freezing (a bitter wind)bitter1
adjective
a bitter taste苦味bitter feelings痛苦的感情bitter ♦︎ pungent ♦︎ sour ♦︎ acrid ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ acidThese words all describe a strong, unpleasant taste or smell.这些词均表示味道或气味强烈的、令人不适的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp / an acid taste / flavour◆a bitter / a pungent / a sour / an acrid / a sharp / an acid smell / odour◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp scent◆a bitter / a sour / a sharp / an acid fruit◆a pungent / sharp cheese◆pungent / acrid smoke◆to taste bitter / sour / sharp◆to smell bitter / sharp■bitter(of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste(味道或气味)强烈而令人不适的;(食物或饮料)味苦的◆bitter coffee / chocolate苦咖啡;苦巧克力◆The drink tasted bitter.这种饮料味苦。◆This plant is ignored by livestock because of the bitter taste.因为味苦,家畜不吃这种植物。■pungent ˈpʌndʒənt (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste(气味或味道)强烈而令人不适的;(食物)刺激性的,辛辣的;(烟)呛人的,刺鼻的◆the pungent smell of burning rubber烧橡胶的刺鼻气味◆The air was pungent with the smell of spices.空气里充满了各种香料的刺激性气味。■sour(of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having a sour taste(味道)酸的;(食物或饮料)有酸味的◆Too much pulp produces a sour wine.过多的果肉会让酒变酸。OPPsweetⓘ Sweet food contains sugar or tastes of sugar. * sweet指食物含糖的、甜的◆I need a cup of hot sweet tea.我需要一杯加糖的热茶。◆This wine is too sweet for me.这种葡萄酒对我来说太甜了。 see also sour ⇨ rotten■acrid ˈækrɪd (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell(气味或味道)刺激的,难闻的;(烟)呛人的,刺鼻的◆The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat.雾的颜色发黄,气味呛人,直刺喉根。■sharp(of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste(味道或气味)强烈而略苦的,刺鼻的;(食物或饮料)味苦的,辛辣的◆The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.这奶酪味道很冲。■acid(of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having an acid taste(味道)酸的;(气味)有刺激性的;(食物或饮料)有酸味的◆It's a very juicy fruit with a slightly acid flavour.这种水果多汁,味道略酸。NOTE辨析 Which word?Bitter, sour, sharp and acid are all used more for tastes. Pungent and acrid are used more for smells. A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter flavour of coffee or chocolate. You cannot use any other word to describe this flavour. * bitter、sour、sharp和acid多用以形容味道。pungent和acrid多用以形容气味。bitter表示味苦,通常令人不适,有些人却喜欢咖啡或巧克力的苦味,其他词都不能描述这种味道◆pungent/sour/acrid/sharp/acid coffee/chocolateSour and acid both describe the taste of a lemon or fruit that is not ripe. Sour is usually a negative term; acid can be negative or simply descriptive. A sharp or pungent flavour is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese. * sour和acid均指柠檬或未成熟水果的那种酸味。sour通常作贬义;acid既可作贬义,也可作客观描述。sharp或pungent主要强调味道强烈,而非令人不适,在描述奶酪的味道时尤其如此◆bitter/sour/acrid/acid cheeseA pungent smell is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the pungent smell of rich, spicy food. An acrid smell is always unpleasant; acrid is not used for the smell of food. * pungent指气味有刺激性,通常令人不适,但有些人却喜欢油腻、调料重的食物的浓烈气味。acrid指气味刺激难闻,总是令人不适;acrid不用于形容食物的气味。bitter2
adjective
a bitter taste苦味bitter feelings痛苦的感情bitter ♦︎ sour ♦︎ resentful ♦︎ acrimonious ♦︎ embitteredThese words all describe people feeling angry and unhappy after a bad experience.这些词均表示因糟糕的经历而感到愤愤不平、闷闷不乐。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆bitter / resentful about sth◆bitter / resentful towards sb◆a bitter / a sour / an embittered man◆a sour / resentful expression◆a bitter / an acrimonious debate / dispute / divorce■bitter(of people) feeling very angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly; (of situations) full of angry feelings and words(人)愤愤不平的;(状况)怨声载道的◆He is very bitter about losing his job.他丢了工作,心里很不服气。◆She bit her lip hard to stop the rush of bitter words.她使劲咬着嘴唇,把到嘴边的刻薄话咽回去了。◆They are locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.他们为三个孩子的监护权陷入了一场激烈的争夺之中。 see also bitterness ⇨ resentment▸bitterly
adverb
◆They complained bitterly.他们气愤地抱怨。■sourfeeling or expressing bitterness or disappointment阴郁的;闷闷不乐的;沮丧的◆She was a sour and disillusioned old woman.她是一个心灰意冷、幻想破灭的老女人。◆The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.数人退场,会议不欢而散。◆As time went by the marriage turned sour.时日推移,这桩婚姻逐渐产生问题。ⓘ Sour is not usually followed by a preposition. * sour后通常不接介词◆She was sour about it. see also sour ⇨ influenceverb▸sourly
adverb
◆'Who asked you?' he said sourly.“谁问你了?”他没好气地说。■resentful rɪˈzentfl (especiallywritten) feeling bitter or angry about sth that you think is unfair感到气愤的;憎恨的;愤慨的◆She was resentful at having been left out of the team.她对于被摈出团队感到气愤。◆They seemed to be resentful of our presence there.他们好像对我们出现在那里很生气。 see also resent ⇨ resent, resentment ⇨ resentment▸resentfully
adverb
◆He looked at me resentfully.他满怀怨恨地看着我。NOTE辨析 Bitter, sour or resentful?Bitter feelings are the strongest and most openly expressed. * bitter所表达的感情最强烈、最公开◆feeling extremely / intensely / very bitter感到极其/非常/十分痛苦◆a bitter laugh / smile苦笑If you feel sour or resentful it may be less obvious. * sour或resentful所表达的感情也许没那么明显◆vaguely / silently resentful略感气愤;生闷气◆resentful eyes满含怨愤的眼神◆a sour face阴郁的脸色Sour especially describes relationships which may go/turn sour. * go/turn sour尤指关系变坏、恶化。■acrimoniousˌækrɪˈməʊniəs; NAmEˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs (ratherformal) (of a situation) angry and full of strong bitter feelings and words(状况)怨声载道的,恶言相向的◆His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.他的父母在激烈争吵中离了婚。 see also acrimony ⇨ resentment▸acrimoniously
adverb
◆The relationship ended acrimoniously.这段关系在怨愤中结束了。■embittered (ratherformal, especiallywritten) feeling angry and unhappy about sth over a long period of time(长期)怨愤的,沮丧的,苦恼的◆He died an embittered man.他含怨而终。
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