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IELTS BNC: 5071 COCA: 5838
propaganda

noun

propaganda ♦︎ misinformation ♦︎ disinformation ♦︎ indoctrination ♦︎ brainwashingThese are all words for ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used to gain support for a political or religious leader, set of beliefs, etc. 这些词均表示有倾向性的宣传或虚假信息。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆propaganda / misinformation / disinformation about sth◆political / religious propaganda / indoctrination◆government / official propaganda / disinformation◆to spread propaganda / misinformation / disinformation◆a propaganda / misinformation / disinformation campaign■ propaganda ˌprɒpəˈgændə; NAmE ˌprɑːpəˈgændə [uncountable] (disapproving) ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader or party （政治性的）宣传，鼓吹◆This document is pure party propaganda.这份文件纯粹是党派宣传。ⓘ Propaganda may consist of true information, but it often fails to give a complete and balanced picture. The term is usually used in political contexts. * propaganda可能会包括真实信息，但常常不够完整，有失偏颇。这个词通常用于政治语境。■ misinformation [uncountable] (rather formal, usually disapproving) incorrect information, especially when this is intended to deceive sb （尤指以欺骗为目的的）假信息◆Most of these attitudes are based on misinformation.这些看法大多是受了错误信息影响的。▸ misinform ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔːm; NAmE ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔːrm

verb

 [transitive, often passive] ◆They were deliberately misinformed about their rights.有人故意对他们的权利作了错误的说明。■ disinformation [uncountable] (rather formal, disapproving) incorrect information that is given deliberately, especially by government organizations （尤指政府机构故意发布的）虚假信息，假消息◆It was a very plausible piece of disinformation.这条消息简直能以假乱真。NOTE 辨析 Misinformation or disinformation? Misinformation is information that is incorrect, and that may or may not be intended to deceive people. It is often used in contexts describing how the general public have been given the wrong information about sth. Disinformation is false information that is spread deliberately in order to deceive people, especially in the contexts of governments and spying. * misinformation指不正确消息，也许出于欺骗目的，也许不是，常用于描述如何混淆公众视听的语境。disinformation是虚假信息，出于欺骗目的而被故意散播，尤用于政府或间谍语境。■ indoctrination ɪnˌdɒktrɪˈneɪʃn; NAmE ɪnˌdɑːktrɪˈneɪʃn [uncountable] (rather formal, disapproving) the activity of forcing sb to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allowing them to consider any others （信仰或学说的）强行灌输◆They were accused of political indoctrination.他们因灌输政治观点而受指控。ⓘ Indoctrination is often used to talk about unbalanced religious or political teaching directed at children. * indoctrination常指对儿童进行的有失偏颇的宗教或政治信条的灌输。▸ indoctrinate

verb

 [transitive] ◆It is not a teacher's place to indoctrinate students.向学生进行思想灌输不是教师该做的事。■ brainwashing ˈbreɪnwɒʃɪŋ; NAmE ˈbreɪnwɑːʃ, ˈbreɪnwɔːʃ [uncountable] (disapproving) the activity of forcing sb to accept your ideas or beliefs, for example by repeating the same thing many times or by preventing the person from thinking clearly 洗脑；强行灌输◆They refused to accept that they were victims of brainwashing.他们拒不接受自己被洗脑这一事实。ⓘ Brainwashing is often used to talk about the techniques or methods of forcing people to accept beliefs. * brainwashing常用来谈论强制别人接受信仰的技巧或方法◆It's a classic method of brainwashing.这是洗脑的典型做法。 ▸ brainwash

verb

 [transitive] ◆The group has been accused of brainwashing its younger members.这个团体被指控对年轻成员洗脑。◆They were brainwashed into believing that their leader was all-powerful.他们被反复灌输的思想是他们的领袖无所不能。

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