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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
roughadjectiveuk/rʌf/ us/rʌf/

rough adjective NOT EVEN

B1 not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition高低不平的;崎岖的;难行的

It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes.那是一条崎岖的山道,满是石头和巨大的坑洼。

B1 If a surface such as paper or skin is rough, it does not feel smooth when you touch it.(表面)粗糙的,毛糙的,不平滑的

My hands get very rough in the cold.天一冷我的手就变得特别粗糙。

Rough ground is ground that is not used for any particular purpose, is not even, and is full of wild plants.(土地)未开垦的,杂草丛生的,荒的

More examples

Driving on those rough roads has really done for my car.

The horse and cart jogged down the rough track towards the farm.

My tyres took quite a punishing on the rough terrain.

The fabric had a rough texture.

He had workman's hands that were rough and covered with calluses.

rough adjective NOT EXACT

B1 [ before noun ] not exact or detailed粗略的;大致的;近似的

The builder did a rough sketch of how the new stairs would look.建筑工人画了张新楼梯草图。
This is only a rough guess.这只是一个大致的推测。
She made a rough estimate/calculation of the likely cost.她粗略估算/计算了一下可能的开销。
The tests are a rough guide to students' progress.这些测试能够大致说明学生的进步情况。

More examples

This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well.

I can give you a rough estimate of how much it will cost.

I never follow recipes exactly when I cook - I just use them as rough guides.

Could you give me a rough approximation of how many people will be coming?

You can get a rough idea of the size of the room by pacing it out.

rough adjective POOR QUALITY

used to describe an alcoholic drink, especially wine, that tastes cheap and often strong(尤指酒类饮料)涩味的,辣嗓子的,劣质的

not made in a careful or expensive way粗制滥造的;简陋的;粗糙的

I made a rough table out of some old boxes.我用几个旧箱子做了一张简陋的饭桌。

rough adjective SOUND

A rough voice or sound is hard and loud.声音粗哑的,难听的

If a machine sounds rough, it is making a noise because it is in bad condition.(机器状况不佳而)发出刺耳声音的,发出杂音的

rough adjective VIOLENT

B2 dangerous or violent粗暴的,粗野的;猛烈的;充斥暴力的,危险的

a rough area of town城内的危险区
The other boys were rough, always looking for a fight.其他的男孩子们非常粗野,总是寻衅打架。

rough adjective STORMY

B2 (of the weather or the sea) having strong winds or big waves(天气)有狂风大浪的

I'm always seasick if the water/wind/sea/weather is rough.在波涛汹涌时/狂风大作时/汹涌海浪中/暴风雨天气里我总会晕船。

rough adjective DIFFICULT

B2 difficult or unpleasant艰难的;艰苦的;令人不快的

He's had a rough time/month/year, what with the divorce and then his father dying.他刚离了婚,父亲又去世了,那一段时间/一个月/一年对他来说是太难熬了。
It must be rough to have two kids and nowhere to live.带着两个孩子,又无处安身,日子肯定是很艰难。

rough adjective ILL

[ after verb ] UK ill不舒服的,不适的,生病的

You look a bit rough - how much did you have to drink last night?你看上去有点气色不好——你昨晚喝了多少酒啊?
rough it informal

to live temporarily in basic and uncomfortable conditions(暂时)将就度日,因陋就简地生活

While the house was being decorated we roughed it in a tent.在装修房子期间,我们将就着住在帐篷里。

rough noun DRAWING

[ C ] a first quick drawing of something草图,略图

in rough

simple and without details粗略地;大概地;大致上

His first plans were drawn up in rough.他最初的计划是草草拟就的。

rough noun VIOLENT PERSON

[ C ] a violent person粗人,莽汉,暴徒

a gang of drunken young roughs一群醉酒撒野的年轻人

rough noun IN GOLF

the rough

in golf, an area of ground with long grass(高尔夫球场的)生有长草的起伏地面,深草区

My ball landed in the rough.我把球打进了深草区。

rough adverb VIOLENTLY

forcefully or violently粗野地;粗鲁地

The local team had a bad reputation for playing rough.这支地方队打法粗野,臭名远扬。

rough adverb OUTSIDE

live/sleep rough

to live outside not in a house, and sleep on the ground风餐露宿

When we ran out of money, we slept rough for a week.我们的钱花没了,一个星期都露宿街头。

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