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Absence and lack
Synonyms
absence
noun /ˈæbs(ə)ns/
1
[C/U] a period of time when someone is not where they should be or where they usually are 缺席;不在

His frequent and prolonged absences were making his wife suspicious. 他频繁且长时间的不在家引起了妻子的怀疑。

absence from :

He returns to the England team after a long absence from international football. 他在离开国际足坛很长一段时间之后重返英格兰队。

in someone's absence (=while someone is not there) 当某人不在时 :

Mark will be in charge in my absence. 我不在期间将由马克负责。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
1a
a period of time when someone is not at work or at school when they should be 缺勤;缺课

We are concerned about your child's frequent absences. 你的孩子频繁缺课使我们很担心。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
 Synonyms and related words
lack
noun [singular/uncountable] /læk/
a situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you need or want 缺乏;没有
lack of :

The match was cancelled because of lack of support. 比赛因缺乏支持而被取消。

Most of his problems stem from a lack of confidence. 他的多数问题源于自信心不足。

for lack of something :

The court case was dismissed for lack of evidence. 这起诉讼由于缺乏证据而被法院驳回。

We couldn't find her passport, but it wasn't for lack of trying (=we tried hard to find it). 我们找不到她的护照,但这并非因为我们没有用心去找。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
lack
verb [T] /læk/
to not have any or enough of something that you need or want 缺乏;没有

He lacked the skills required for the job. 他缺乏这项工作所要求的技能。

The play was good in parts but generally the acting lacked sparkle. 这出戏有些部分还不错,但就总体而言,表演方面缺乏亮点。

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Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
loss
noun /lɒs/
1
[C/U] the state of no longer having something because it has been taken from you or destroyed 丧失;损失

It was an ancient car anyway, so it was no great loss. 不管怎么说这是一辆旧车,所以损失不大。

job losses 失业

loss of :

the loss of the Titanic 泰坦尼克号的沉没

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
1a
used about a natural ability that you do not have any longer (官能的)丧失

He suffered hearing loss following an illness. 他得了一场病后就丧失了听觉。

loss of :

The loss of his sight was a severe blow. 失明对他是个沉重的打击。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
1b
used about a feeling, quality, attitude etc that you stop having (情感、素质、态度等的)丧失
loss of :

a loss of confidence 失去信心

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
2
[C/U] the state of having less of something than before because some of it has gone 减少;下跌

Exercise and weight loss can help lower your blood pressure. 锻炼和减肥有助于降低血压。

loss of :

She was offered compensation for loss of earnings. 她收入上的损失得到了补偿。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
shortage
noun [C/U] /ˈʃɔː(r)tɪdʒ/
a lack of something that you need or want 缺乏;短缺

Refugees are facing serious food and fuel shortages. 难民们面临着食物与燃料的严重短缺。

shortage of :

a shortage of clean water 洁净水的缺乏

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
deficiency
noun [C/U] /dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/
1
a lack of something that your body needs 缺乏;缺少;不足

anaemia caused by iron deficiency 因缺铁而引起的贫血

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
want
noun /wɒnt/
1
[C/U] formal a lack of something 缺乏;匮乏;不足
want of :

His illness was caused by overwork and want of sleep. 他的病是因劳累过度和睡眠不足引起的。

Their work reveals a want of skill. 他们的工作表明他们缺乏技术。

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Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
1a
[U] a lack of money, food, and other things someone needs to live 穷困;贫困;贫穷

They were living in obvious want and squalor. 他们显然很穷困,生活环境也很肮脏。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
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The state of being poor: poverty, austerity, want...
shortfall
noun [C] /ˈʃɔː(r)tˌfɔːl/
a lack of something that you need or want, or the amount that you lack 缺少;不足;不足之量;差额

a sudden shortfall in the supply of skilled labour

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
poverty
noun /ˈpɒvə(r)ti/
2
[singular] formal a lack of something, especially ideas or feelings (尤指思想或情感的)缺乏,匮乏
poverty of :

The proposals display a worrying poverty of ideas. 这些建议显示出令人堪忧的思想匮乏。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
deficit
noun [C] /ˈdefəsɪt/
2
formal a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have (素质、技能或能力的)缺乏,不足

Critics of the European Union accuse it of suffering from a democratic deficit.

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
More Synonyms
in default of something
phrase formal
if something does not exist or happen 如果没有某物;如果某事未发生

They are entitled to reclaim the goods in default of payment.

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
non-appearance
noun [U]
1
failure to arrive at work or at an event when you are expected to be there 缺席;未到场
 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
non-attendance
noun [U]
failure to go to a place, for example school, when you should be there 缺席;未到场;未到校
 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
 Synonyms and related words
without
adverb, preposition /wɪðˈaʊt/
1
used for saying what someone or something does not have 没有;无

the ability to do mathematics without a calculator 不用计算器进行数学运算的能力

They had endured three days without food or water. 他们3天没吃没喝。

a dress without sleeves 无袖连衣裙

do/manage/go without (=continue your life or work in spite of not having something) 没有…而继续;没有…而将就对付 :

I can't afford new trainers, so I'll have to do without. 我没钱给她买新跑鞋,恐怕她只得将就着不穿了。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
Others
absent
preposition American very formal /ˈæbsənt/
without; used for emphasizing that something will not happen unless a particular thing is present 缺乏;没有(用于强调除非存在特定事物,否则某些事物不会发生)

We will not dispute that judgment absent clear evidence that it is unreasonable. 如果没有明确的证据证明这一判决是不合理的,我们将不会对此提出异议。

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
bankruptcy
noun /ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/
2
[U] formal a complete lack of good qualities (优良品质的)缺乏,沦丧

moral bankruptcy 道德沦丧

 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
nonattendance
noun [U] /ˌnɑnəˈtendəns/
repeated failure to be present at a place, for example a meeting, class, etc. that you are expected to go to
 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack:absence, lack, loss...
 Synonyms and related words
the bird has flown
phrase spoken
used for saying that someone you are trying to find is already gone or has escaped 要找的人不在;要抓的人逃跑了
 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...

unavailability

/ˌʌnəˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ noun [U]
 Synonyms and related words
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...

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