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BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work noun
work1 (hard work) work2 (find work) work3 (do pioneering work in microbiology) work4 (a work of fiction) factory (a steelworks) office1 (go to work) task (police work) at work busy adj.1 out of work unemployed adj. be in work work verb2
work verb
work1 (work on an assignment) work2 (work as a teacher) work3 (The phone isn't working.) affect (work in your favour) campaign (work for peace) drive2 (work sb too hard) farm (work the land) operate (How do you work the DVD player?)
work1

noun

hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说;艺术品work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slogThese are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth. 这些词均表示工作、劳动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配hard work / labour / toil / slogdaily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slogmanual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toilhours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 工作;劳动She earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来。We started work on the project in 2002.我们于2002年开始干这个项目。Work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。Let's get to work (= start working).我们开始工作吧。She set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。 labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [uncountable] work, especially physical work 劳动;(尤指)体力劳动These women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour (= work using their hands).这些妇女对繁重的体力劳动一般都习以为常了。The price will include the labour and materials.这个价格包含劳务费和材料费。The company wants to keep down labour costs.这家公司想保持低劳动成本。 service [uncountable] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much (尤指长期、受到敬重的)工作,效劳,服务She has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她刚刚庆祝在公司任职25周年。The employees have good conditions of service.员工有良好的工作条件。 toil [uncountable] (formal or literary) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired 苦工;劳累的工作His hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕记录着他一生的艰辛和劳苦。 drudgery ˈdrʌdʒəri [uncountable] (disapproving) hard boring work, especially housework or office work 繁重无聊的工作(尤指家务或办公室的工作)Once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦结婚,她就注定过家务繁重的生活了。 slog [countable, usually singular] (informal, disapproving) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk 艰苦(或乏味)的努力(如长距离、疲惫地行走)It was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山顶的路漫长而又艰难。Especially in British English slog [uncountable] can also be a period of hard work or effort. 尤其在英式英语中,slog还可以指一段时间的艰苦工作或努力 (especially BrE) Writing the book took ten months of hard slog.这本书是用了十个月的时间辛苦写出来的。 work2

noun

hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说;艺术品 See also the entry for job 另见job条work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradeThese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 这些词均表示工作、职业。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation(a) low-paid work / employment / occupationto have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a tradeto take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a tradeto go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practiceto look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 工作;职业He's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。 (BrE) It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家,大部分有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢复上班。Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票,你会不上班了吗?Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。'Where's John?' 'He's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿?”“还在上班呢。”She's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。He started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。 see also work office 1 employment [uncountable] (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work 工作;职业;受雇It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。The government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。OPP unemployment unemployment see also employ employ career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 生涯;职业I never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。Kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后,事业便开始腾飞。His career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。By 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career).到2001年,她到达了事业的巅峰。I didn't think it was a very good career move.我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。It's time for a career change.该换个职业了。 profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education (需要专门技能,尤指需要较高教育水平的)行业,职业Alan's a teacher by profession.艾伦的职业是教师。He hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望进入医疗行业。I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出头就入了这一行。She's at the top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。Especially in British English, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. 尤其在英式英语中,the professions指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 The profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某职业界。 professional

adjective

Most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部分人是职业女性。professional qualifications / skills专业资格/技能
occupation ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn [countable] (rather formal) a job or profession 工作;职业Please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业? practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers (医生或律师等的)工作,业务活动Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有做兽医的经验。My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。 see also practice company trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills (尤指手工)职业,行当;手艺She's now a carpenter by trade.她现在以木工为业。My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。 see also trade industry
work3

noun

hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说;艺术品work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ resultsThese are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work. 这些词均表示工作成果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coupa major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coupa significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coupa / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishmenta brilliant work / achievement / feat / coupa real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coupyour own work / achievement / accomplishmenta / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishmentto constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coupquite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working 工作成果;产品;作品She's an artist whose work I really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?这件作品是你独立完成的吗?The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本书是缜密翔实的力作。Her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。He did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。The art collection was his life's work.这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。 achievement [countable] (approving) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill (尤指通过自身努力或技能取得的)成就,成绩,功绩It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。They were proud of their children's achievements.他们为孩子们的成绩感到自豪。This is probably his greatest scientific achievement.这可能是他最伟大的科学成果。 see also achieve achieve triumph ˈtraɪʌmf [countable] (approving) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be 巨大成功;重大成就;伟大胜利;(成功的)典范It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对手的个人胜利。Her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕获她是国际合作的典范。 feat [countable] (approving) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage 技艺;武艺;英勇事迹;(需要技能、力量或勇气的)杰作The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.这条隧道是工程方面的光辉杰作。Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将一条满载的船拖过沙丘可不是件容易事。 accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; NAmE əˈkɑːmlɪʃmənt [countable] (rather formal, often approving) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work 成就;成绩The administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.这届政府成功削减了预算,是个了不起的成就。the technical accomplishments of modern medicine现代医学技术成就 see also accomplish achieve NOTE 辨析 Achievement or accomplishment? Achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. Accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement通常指个人在学术、职业、艺术或体育竞技上的成就。accomplishment常指让大众受益的伟大成就,尤指政治上的成绩,或用于描述重大发明。 coup kuː [countable, usually singular] (written, often approving) an impressive and surprising success 令人惊叹的成功Getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.争取到这份合同是我们的一大成就。He pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.说服交战各方同意签署永久停火协议是他在外交上取得的重大成就。Coup is often used with adjectives like spectacular, significant, remarkable and greatest. It is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity, intelligence and propaganda. * coup常与spectacular、significant、remarkable和greatest等形容词连用,还用在publicity、intelligence和propaganda等名词后,指成功的宣传或情报活动。 results [plural] success achieved by actions or efforts 成果;成效The project is beginning to show results.这项工程开始显现出成效。He's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘队员潜能的教练。work4

noun

hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说;艺术品work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvreThese are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician. 这些词均表示艺术家、作家或音乐家的作品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sba / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of arta / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / compositiona / an classical / abstract work / piece / compositionsb's collected / complete works / writingsto perform a work / piece / composition work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb 著作;(绘画或音乐)作品The film is based on an early work by Alan Moore.这部影片取材于艾伦•穆尔的早期作品。works of fiction / literature小说;文学作品Chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲 writings [plural] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject (尤指某人或某专题的)著作,文字作品His experiences in Morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的经历影响了他后来的写作。the writings of Sun Tzu孙子的著作 see also writing literature , write write 2 piece [countable] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art (音乐、写作、诗歌或艺术作品的)一支,一篇,一首,一件The orchestra performed pieces by Ravel and Prokofiev.管弦乐队演奏了拉威尔和普罗科菲耶夫的几支曲子。You can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art, but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear. 可以说a piece of music/writing/poetry/art,但是piece单独使用时通常指一首音乐作品,除非用于正式文体或上下文语义非常清楚的情况Auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.试演的学生必须演奏一支自选的独奏曲。 (formal) They have some beautiful pieces (= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他们家里有一些精美的艺术品。 see also piece article  See also the entry for song 另见song条 masterpiece ˈmɑːstəpiːs; NAmE ˈmæstərpiːs [countable] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work (艺术、文学或电影等的)代表作,杰作,名著The work has been described as a literary masterpiece.这部作品被称作文学巨著。This is an excellent production of Verdi's masterpiece.这是威尔第代表作的出色演绎。Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity (= an excellent example of sth simple).她的作品是朴实风格的典范。 composition ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn [countable] (formal) a piece of music, poetry or art (音乐、诗歌或艺术)作品one of Stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一 see also compose write 2 NOTE 辨析 Work, piece or composition? Work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. Piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. Composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work强调努力的成果,可以指任何种类的艺术、文学或音乐作品。piece常指短小的音乐作品。composition也多指音乐作品,但也可以指诗歌和艺术品。 ˌwork of ˈart (plural works of art) [countable] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue 艺术品(尤指油画、绘画或雕塑)A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好几件珍贵的艺术品在美术馆被盗。 oeuvre ˈɜːvrə [singular] (from French, formal) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer (作家、艺术家或作曲家的)全部作品She created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她创作的艺术作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。work1

verb

work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师;从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ toil ♦︎ slaveThese words all mean to do sth that involves physical or mental effort. 这些词均表示做体力或脑力工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to work / labour / toil at sthto labour / slave over sthto work / labour / toil / slave awayto work / labour / toil endlessly / long and hard / tirelessly work [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job 做体力(或脑力)工作;劳动I can't work if I'm cold.我要是觉得冷就干不了活。He is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。She's outside, working on the car.她在外面修车呢。Doctors often work very long hours.医生经常长时间工作。 labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to do hard physical work 干体力活They laboured all day in the fields.他们一整天都在地里干活。 toil [intransitive] (formal or literary) to work very hard and/or for a long time (长时间)苦干,辛勤劳作Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.建这座金字塔,数百人苦干了多年。 slave [intransitive] (rather informal, especially spoken, usually disapproving) to work very hard 苦干;没命地工作I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.我整天苦干,想把这项工作赶完。I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking).我没时间老围着锅台转。Slave is usually used when you think that you have/sb has been working too hard. * slave通常用来表示自己或他人工作过于辛苦。work2

verb

work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师;从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practiseThese words all mean to earn money through work. 这些词均表示以工作赚钱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sthto work / be employed / have a job at a place work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作;就业;上班Both my parents work.我父母都工作。She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。I've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。Do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗? be emˈployed [transitive, passive] (rather formal) to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作;就业;上班For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.过去三年来他一直受雇当消防员。A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.雇来一些人处理积压的工作。 see also employ employ , unemployed unemployed ˌhave a ˈjob

phrase

(has, had, had)to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作;就业;上班She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服务员。I've got a temporary job at the moment.现在我找到了个临时工作。She's never had a steady job (= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她从未有过稳定的工作。NOTE 辨析 Work, be employed or have a job? Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to. * work在这些词中含义最广,可以指某一时段的某个工作,可以指一般性的工作,也可以指有工作这一事实。be employed多指特定的工作或工作类型,并常与as或to连用be employed as a teacher当教师be employed to train users in the new system受雇培训用户使用新系统 Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作Do you have a job?你有工作吗?It can also be used with as in a similar way to work. * have a job也可以像work一样与as连用She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家鸡尾酒酒吧里当服务员。In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work. 在这种用法中,have a job多用于过去时,而且表示那一段时间的受雇状况较为临时性质。have a job较work稍不正式。
ˌearn a ˈliving ˌearn your ˈliving

phrase

to work for money to buy the things that you need in life 维持生计;谋生She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。
be in work

idiom

(BrE) to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed (= not having a job) 有工作Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他们中的大部分人曾有过工作,但都是临时性的。 see also out of work unemployed
practise (BrE) (NAmE practice) [intransitive, transitive] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc. 当医生;当律师;从事专职工作There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格兰和威尔士有5万多律师执业。He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已从事律师工作多年。She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行医。
work3

verb

work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师;从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。 See also the entry for operate 另见operate条work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ goThese are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way. 这些词均表示机器、系统或装置运转良好、正常工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to actually / still work / function / goto work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliablyto work / function / run perfectlyto work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctlyto work / function wellto run / operate continuouslyfully functioning / operating work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way (机器或装置)运转良好,正常工作The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。It works by electricity.这是电动的。Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗? see also work operate function [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to work in the correct way 起作用;运转良好;正常工作Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断,医院继续正常运转。Many children can't function effectively in large classes.许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。We now have a functioning shower.现在我们有了好用的淋浴器。 run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] to work in the correct way 起作用;运转良好;正常工作Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦开动了链锯。Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.我们的货车烧柴油。Which operating system have you got running?你们运行的是哪个操作系统?Run is usually used to talk about an engine or motor (or a machine that uses an engine or motor), or a computer program. * run通常指发动机、马达(或使用发动机或马达的机器)或电脑程序正常工作。 see also run operate , up and running active adj. operate [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working (尤指机器)运转;(服务或系统)工作Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太阳能电池板只能在阳光下才能正常工作。Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在压力下才能工作得好。A new late-night service is now operating.现在推出了一种新的深夜服务项目。 see also operate operate operation

noun

[uncountable] Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期维修能确保发动机运行顺畅。 see also in operation , operational active adj.
NOTE 辨析 Function or operate? Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function较多用于描述是否运转或运转情况是否良好。operate较多用于描述运行的必要条件。
go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (informal, especially spoken) (of a machine) to work in the correct way (机器)起作用,运转良好,正常工作What makes it go?是什么让它运转起来?

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