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BNC: 21014 COCA: 11309
penalizeverb [ T ]UK usually penalise uk/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/ us/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/

penalize verb [ T ] CAUSE DISADVANTAGE

to cause someone a disadvantage使处于不利地位

The present tax system penalizes poor people.现行税收制度对穷人不利。
The system should ensure that borrowers are not penalized by sudden rises in mortgage rates.该计划应确保借款者不会因按揭贷款利率突然提高而陷入困境。

penalize verb [ T ] PUNISH

to punish someone for breaking a rule(因犯规)处罚,惩罚

He was penalized early in the game for uunsportsmanlike conduct.他在比赛开始不久因危险动作而受到处罚。

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