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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
roughadjectiveuk/rʌf/ us/rʌf/

rough adjective NOT EVEN

B1 not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition高低不平的；崎岖的；难行的

It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes.那是一条崎岖的山道，满是石头和巨大的坑洼。

B1 If a surface such as paper or skin is rough, it does not feel smooth when you touch it.（表面）粗糙的，毛糙的，不平滑的

My hands get very rough in the cold.天一冷我的手就变得特别粗糙。

Rough ground is ground that is not used for any particular purpose, is not even, and is full of wild plants.（土地）未开垦的，杂草丛生的，荒的

More examples

Driving on those rough roads has really done for my car.

The horse and cart jogged down the rough track towards the farm.

My tyres took quite a punishing on the rough terrain.

The fabric had a rough texture.

He had workman's hands that were rough and covered with calluses.

rough adjective NOT EXACT

B1 [ before noun ] not exact or detailed粗略的；大致的；近似的

The builder did a rough sketch of how the new stairs would look.建筑工人画了张新楼梯草图。
This is only a rough guess.这只是一个大致的推测。
She made a rough estimate/calculation of the likely cost.她粗略估算／计算了一下可能的开销。
The tests are a rough guide to students' progress.这些测试能够大致说明学生的进步情况。
Synonym
approximate

More examples

This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well.

I can give you a rough estimate of how much it will cost.

I never follow recipes exactly when I cook - I just use them as rough guides.

Could you give me a rough approximation of how many people will be coming?

You can get a rough idea of the size of the room by pacing it out.

rough adjective POOR QUALITY

used to describe an alcoholic drink, especially wine, that tastes cheap and often strong（尤指酒类饮料）涩味的，辣嗓子的，劣质的

not made in a careful or expensive way粗制滥造的；简陋的；粗糙的

I made a rough table out of some old boxes.我用几个旧箱子做了一张简陋的饭桌。

rough adjective SOUND

A rough voice or sound is hard and loud.声音粗哑的，难听的

If a machine sounds rough, it is making a noise because it is in bad condition.（机器状况不佳而）发出刺耳声音的，发出杂音的

rough adjective VIOLENT

B2 dangerous or violent粗暴的，粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的，危险的

a rough area of town城内的危险区
The other boys were rough, always looking for a fight.其他的男孩子们非常粗野，总是寻衅打架。

rough adjective STORMY

B2 (of the weather or the sea) having strong winds or big waves（天气）有狂风大浪的

I'm always seasick if the water/wind/sea/weather is rough.在波涛汹涌时／狂风大作时／汹涌海浪中／暴风雨天气里我总会晕船。

rough adjective DIFFICULT

B2 difficult or unpleasant艰难的；艰苦的；令人不快的

He's had a rough time/month/year, what with the divorce and then his father dying.他刚离了婚，父亲又去世了，那一段时间／一个月／一年对他来说是太难熬了。
It must be rough to have two kids and nowhere to live.带着两个孩子，又无处安身，日子肯定是很艰难。

rough adjective ILL

[ after verb ] UK ill不舒服的，不适的，生病的

You look a bit rough - how much did you have to drink last night?你看上去有点气色不好——你昨晚喝了多少酒啊？

Idiom(s)

rough and ready
rough edges
rough justice/luck
roughverbuk/rʌf/ us/rʌf/
rough it informal

to live temporarily in basic and uncomfortable conditions（暂时）将就度日，因陋就简地生活

While the house was being decorated we roughed it in a tent.在装修房子期间，我们将就着住在帐篷里。

Phrasal verb(s)

rough sth in
rough sth out
rough sb up
roughnounuk/rʌf/ us/rʌf/

rough noun DRAWING

[ C ] a first quick drawing of something草图，略图

in rough

simple and without details粗略地；大概地；大致上

His first plans were drawn up in rough.他最初的计划是草草拟就的。

rough noun VIOLENT PERSON

[ C ] a violent person粗人，莽汉，暴徒

a gang of drunken young roughs一群醉酒撒野的年轻人

rough noun IN GOLF

the rough

in golf, an area of ground with long grass（高尔夫球场的）生有长草的起伏地面，深草区

My ball landed in the rough.我把球打进了深草区。

Idiom(s)

rough and tumble
take the rough with the smooth
roughadverbuk/rʌf/ us/rʌf/

rough adverb VIOLENTLY

forcefully or violently粗野地；粗鲁地

The local team had a bad reputation for playing rough.这支地方队打法粗野，臭名远扬。

rough adverb OUTSIDE

live/sleep rough

to live outside not in a house, and sleep on the ground风餐露宿

When we ran out of money, we slept rough for a week.我们的钱花没了，一个星期都露宿街头。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough adj.
⇨ rough 1 (rough ground/edges) ⇨ rough 2 (rough seas/weather) ⇨ coarse (rough skin) ⇨ difficult 2 (Life is rough.) ⇨ hoarse (a rough voice) ⇨ vague (a rough estimate/sketch) ⇨ violent (rough kids/treatment)rough2

adjective

 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气  ➡ See also the entry for wet 2 另见wet条第2义rough ♦︎ violent ♦︎ stormy ♦︎ turbulent ♦︎ raging ♦︎ choppyThese words all describe weather or the sea when there is a strong wind or large waves. 这些词均表示风浪很大的、波涛汹涌的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达风浪大的程度
choppy➔rough➔violent
stormyraging
turbulent
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / raging / choppy sea◆rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / choppy conditions◆rough / stormy / turbulent / choppy waters◆rough / turbulent / choppy water◆rough / violent / stormy weather■ rough (of the sea) having large and dangerous waves; (of the weather, especially at sea) with strong winds and rain （海）波涛汹涌的；（天气，尤指海上天气）风浪很大的◆It was too rough to sail that night.那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。◆There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.他在这样恶劣的天气无法游上岸。 OPP calm ⇨ quiet 1 ■ violent (of the weather or the sea) very dangerous, with very strong winds and/or very large waves （天气或海）非常危险的，狂风大作的，波涛汹涌的◆The islands were hit by a violent cyclone.这些岛屿受到猛烈的旋风袭击。◆Members of the lifeboat crew were presented with bravery awards for launching in violent seas.为表彰救生艇船员冒着惊涛骇浪出航救人，向他们颁发了英勇奖。■ stormy with strong winds and heavy rain or snow 有暴风雨（或暴风雪）的◆She visited me one dark and stormy night in November.在11月里一个漆黑的暴风雨之夜，她来看我。■ turbulent ˈtɜːbjələnt; NAmE ˈtɜːrbjələnt [usually before noun](of air or water) changing direction suddenly and violently （气流或水流）汹涌的，猛烈的，湍动的◆The aircraft is designed to withstand turbulent conditions.这架飞机是为经受猛烈的气流而设计的。■ raging ˈreɪdʒɪŋ [only before noun](of natural forces such as wind, water and fire) very powerful （风、水、火等自然力）极其强大的，猛烈的◆The stream had become a raging torrent.小河变成了一条汹涌的急流。◆The building was now a raging inferno (= the fire was out of control).这座大楼现在正烈焰熊熊。■ choppy (of the sea or water) with a lot of small waves （海面或水面）波浪起伏的，不平静的◆The choppy waters caused some of the boats to capsize.波浪起伏的水面造成一些船只倾覆。rough1

adjective

 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气rough ♦︎ rocky ♦︎ rugged ♦︎ uneven ♦︎ bumpy ♦︎ lumpy ♦︎ ruttedThese words all describe a surface or edge that is not level, smooth or flat. 这些词均表示表面或边缘粗糙的、不平滑的、不平坦的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rough / a rocky / an uneven / a bumpy surface◆a rough / an uneven / a bumpy / a rutted road◆rough / rocky / uneven / bumpy ground / terrain◆a rough / bumpy / rutted lane / track◆a rocky / rugged landscape / hill / mountain / peak / cliff / coast / coastline■ rough having a surface or edge that is not even or regular 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的◆The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.这款车是专为在崎岖地面上行驶而设计的。◆Trim any rough edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。 OPP smooth ⇨ flat adj. ■ rocky made of rock; full of rocks 岩石的；多岩石的◆This plant grows in rocky soil on exposed hillsides.这种植物生长在无遮蔽山坡上多石的土壤中。■ rugged ˈrʌgɪd (of landscape) not level or smooth and having rocks rather than plants or trees, especially in a way that is beautiful or romantic （地形）崎岖的，凹凸不平的，多岩石的（尤指使人感觉美丽或浪漫）◆They admired the rugged beauty of the coastline.他们对海岸线上岩石密布的美景赞叹不已。■ uneven ʌnˈiːvn (of a surface) not level, smooth or flat （表面）凹凸不平的，不光滑的，不平坦的◆She picked her way along the uneven path.她小心翼翼地走在不平整的小路上。◆The floor felt uneven under his feet.他觉得脚下的地板高低不平。■ bumpy (of a surface) not even; with a lot of bumps （平面）不平的；多凸块的◆She felt quite sick from the long drive over the bumpy road.在颠簸的路上长时间行驶让她感到很不舒服。ⓘ Bumpy is used especially to describe a piece of ground that you drive or cycle over. * bumpy尤用于修饰驾车或骑车经过的地面。■ lumpy full of lumps; covered in lumps 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的◆I lay sleepless on my lumpy mattress.躺在凸凹不平的床垫上我睡不着觉。ⓘ Lumpy is most frequently used to talk about mattresses (= that you lie on) and pillows (= that you rest your head on). * lumpy最常用于修饰床垫和枕头。■ rutted (of a road or path) with deep tracks that have been made by wheels （道路或小径）有车辙的◆The track was heavily rutted from the wheels of farm tractors.农用拖拉机的轮子在这条小路上碾出深深的车辙。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627

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