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IELTS BNC: 200 COCA: 147
familynounuk/ˈfæm.əl.i/ us/ˈfæm.əl.i/

family noun SOCIAL GROUP

A1 [ C or U + sing/pl verb ] a group of people who are related to each other, such as a mother, a father, and their children家，家庭

A new family has/have moved in next door.隔壁新搬来一户人家。
I come from a large family - I have three brothers and two sisters.我来自一个大家庭，有三个兄弟，两个姐妹。
He doesn't have any family.他没有任何亲人。
He's American but his family (= relatives in the past) come/comes from Ireland.他是美国人，但他的祖籍是爱尔兰。
This movie is good family entertainment (= something that can be enjoyed by parents and children together).这部电影是很棒的家庭娱乐片。
How do you like family life (= being married, having children, etc.)?你对家庭生活还满意吗？

B1 [ C usually singular, U + sing/pl verb ] the children of a family子女

Women shouldn't have to choose between career and family (= having children).在事业与家庭之间，女人不应该只能选择其一。
Paul and Ana are hoping to start a family (= have children) soon.保罗和安娜期待着不久能生个小孩。
My dad died when we were small so my mum raised the family on her own.我们很小的时候爸爸就去世了，因此是妈妈一个人拉扯大了孩子。

[ C, + sing/pl verb ] a pair of adult animals and their babies一窝（动物）

We've got a family of squirrels living in our garden.我们的花园里住着一窝松鼠。

More examples

Peter's success at college delighted his family.

He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family.

She values her job above her family.

There were scenes of great joy as the hostages were re-united with their families.

Several families take in foreign students.

family noun BIOLOGICAL GROUP

[ C ] specialized biology a large group of related types of animal or plant（动植物的）科

The lion is a member of the cat family.狮子属猫科。

Idiom(s)

be in the family way
IELTS BNC: 200 COCA: 147
family

noun¹

 1group of people related to each other家庭；家族ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAMILY | FAMILY + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, large大家庭；大家族➤entire, whole全家◇a summer movie for the whole family一部供全家人一起觀看的夏季影片➤close, close-knit親密的／團結的家庭◇We are a very close-knit family and support each other through any crises.我們家非常團結，互相扶持渡過種種危機。➤happy, loving, supportive幸福的／充滿愛意的／互相扶持的家庭➤dysfunctional不健全的家庭◇The movie is a portrait of a dysfunctional family.這部影片講述了一個不健全家庭的故事。➤nuclear, traditional核心／傳統家庭◇the nuclear family of parents and children父母與子女組成的核心家庭➤average普通家庭▸➤immediate直系親屬◇We've only told the immediate family (= the closest relations).我們只告訴了直系親屬。➤extended（數代同堂的）大家庭◇It was difficult to maintain contact with members of his extended family.與他的大家庭成員保持聯繫很困難。➤lone-parent, one-parent, single-parent單親家庭◇the difficulties faced by one-parent families單親家庭面對的困難➤two-parent雙親家庭▸➤adoptive領養家庭◇They help find emotionally damaged children placements with adoptive families.他們幫助感情受到傷害的孩子找到領養他們的家庭。➤real真正的家庭▸➤patriarchal家長制的家庭➤military軍人家庭◇She grew up in a military family.她在一個軍人家庭中長大。➤working工人家庭▸➤middle-class, working-class, etc.中產階級、工薪階層等家庭➤low-income, middle-income低收入／中等收入家庭▸➤old歷史很久的家族▸➤aristocratic, imperial, noble, royal貴族家庭；帝王之家；高貴的家庭；王室➤powerful, prominent有權勢的／顯赫的家族▸➤affluent, landowning, rich, wealthy, well-to-do富足的／擁有地產的／富有的／殷富的／生活富裕的家庭▸➤poor貧困家庭◇tax incentives for low-income families對低收入家庭的減稅優惠➤homeless無家可歸的家庭▸➤bereaved喪親家庭◇a helpline set up to counsel bereaved families為喪親家庭提供咨詢的幫助熱線➤human人類◇the rights of all members of the human family人類所有成員享有的權利VERB + FAMILY➤belong to, be one of, be part of, come from屬於⋯家族；是家庭的一分子；是家庭的一部份；來自⋯家庭◇He belonged to an aristocratic family.他出身貴族。◇We all knew her so well that we felt she was almost part of the family.我們和她很熟識，覺得她幾乎就是我們家的一員。◇Many of our students come from poor families.我們的很多學生來自貧困家庭。➤marry into嫁入⋯家庭◇She married into a wealthy family.她嫁入豪門。➤run in在家族中遺傳◇a medical condition which runs in the family家族遺傳的疾病➤be in在家中◇This painting has been in our family for generations.這幅畫在我們家已傳了好幾代。FAMILY + NOUN➤background, history家庭背景；家族史◇Do you know anything about her family background?你知道她的家庭背景嗎？◇a family history of heart disease家族心臟病史➤tradition家族傳統◇In 1941 he carried on the family tradition and enlisted in the army.他繼承了家族傳統，於 1941 年參了軍。➤connections, relationships, ties家族聯繫／關係／淵源◇They prefer to stay in their home country because of family ties.因為家族關係，他們寧願待在國內。➤group, member家族群體；家庭成員➤friend世交；全家人的朋友▸➤life家庭生活▸➤business家族企業▸➤home家庭住宅▸➤commitments家庭義務◇The job wouldn't really fit in with my family commitments.這份工作與我應盡的家庭義務相衝突。➤income家庭收入▸➤doctor, physician (NAmE) 家庭醫生▸➤holiday, vacation (NAmE) 家人在一塊兒度的節日／假日▸➤feud家族世仇▸➤heirloom傳家寶▸➤motto家訓▸➤name (= surname) 姓氏▸➤planning計劃生育PREPOSITION➤in a/the family在家庭中◇These problems occur in all families.所有家庭都有這些問題。➤within a/the family在家中◇issues which create conflict within the family導致家庭內部矛盾的問題PHRASES➤family and friends家人和朋友◇The support of family and friends is vital.家人和朋友的支持至關重要。➤a member of a family家庭成員
family

noun²

 2children子女ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAMILY | FAMILY + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤large, small子女多；子女少▸➤young年幼子女◇parents with young families子女尚幼的父母VERB + FAMILY➤have有孩子◇I always wanted to have a large family.我一直想要有很多孩子。➤start要孩子◇They got married last year and plan to start a family (= have children) soon.他們去年結婚，打算很快就要孩子。➤bring up, raise撫養／養育子女◇It's a struggle to bring up a family on a low income.用微薄的收入撫養孩子很艱難。➤feed, support餵養／養育子女◇It is difficult for them to earn enough to feed their families.對他們而言，很難掙到足夠的錢養孩子。FAMILY + NOUN➤size家庭人口◇Average family size has decreased since the 19th century.19 世紀以來，家庭平均人口已經減少。➤man居家男人◇a good family man, completely devoted to his wife and kids全身心投入到妻兒身上的居家好男人
IELTS BNC: 200 COCA: 147
family noun
⇨ family 1 (a family of four) ⇨ family 2 (the support of family and friends) ⇨ family 3 (The painting has been in our family for generations.) ⇨ son (raise a family)family1

noun

 a family of four 四口之家the support of family and friends 亲友的支持The painting has been in our family for generations. 这幅画是我们家的传家宝。family ♦︎ household ♦︎ home ♦︎ houseThese are all words for the people who live together in the same building. 这些词均表示住在一起的一家人、全家人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a low-income / poor / high-income / wealthy / rich family / household / home◆a middle-class / working-class family / household / home◆a one-parent / single-parent family / household / home◆a large / big / small family / household◆a friendly / happy family / home / house◆an / the average family / household / home◆to come from a ...family / home◆to be one of the family / household◆family / household income◆sb's family / home life / background / situation◆a / the member / head of the family / household■ family [countable + singular or plural verb] a group consisting of one or two parents and their children 家，家庭（包括父母、子女）◆a family of four四口之家◆families with young children有小孩的家庭◆the other members of my family我家的其他成员◆All my family enjoy skiing.我们全家都喜欢滑雪。◆Almost every family in the country owns a television.这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。◆He's a friend of the family (= he is known and liked by the parents and the children).他是这一家人的朋友。◆Not everybody lives in the conventional nuclear family (= a family that consists of father, mother and children).并非每个人都生活在传统的父母加子女的核心家庭里。◆a family business / car家庭生意／用车■ household [countable] all the people living together in a house, especially when considered as an economic unit （尤指作为经济单位的）一家人，家庭，同住一所房子的人◆Most households now own at least one car.大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。◆House prices are rising, driven by the big increase in the number of single-person households.一人家庭数量大增，推动房价上涨。◆The average household pays 27p a day in water rates.普通家庭每天用水的开销是27便士。◆household bills / chores / goods家庭账单／杂务／用品NOTE 辨析 Family or household?Members of a family are related to each other, but a member of a household could be sb who rents a room in the house, or sb who lives with the family and works for them, for example. Family emphasizes the individuals involved and is used to talk about who they are, what activities they like, how good the relationship is, etc. Household is often used in news reports and business writing, emphasizing the group as a unit, especially when referring to their position in society, the money they spend or earn, etc. * family中各成员间有亲属关系，但household的成员可能只是在房子里租一间屋，或与那家人同住并为其工作。family强调家庭中的个体，常用来表示他们是谁、喜欢什么样的活动、彼此间的关系如何等。household常用于新闻报道和商务写作中，强调一家一户这种单位，尤用以指作为群体的一家人的社会地位、花销或收入等。■ home [countable] a family living together, and the way it behaves 家庭◆They wanted to give the boy a secure and loving home.他们想给那男孩一个安全又充满爱的家。◆She comes from a broken home (= a family in which the parents are divorced or separated).她出身于一个破裂的家庭。◆She had never had a stable home life.她从未有过稳定的家庭生活。■ house [singular] all the people in a house 住在一所房子里的人；全家人◆Be quiet or you'll wake the whole house!安静点，别把全家人都吵醒！family2

noun

 a family of four 四口之家the support of family and friends 亲友的支持The painting has been in our family for generations. 这幅画是我们家的传家宝。family ♦︎ relative ♦︎ relation ♦︎ kin ♦︎ connectionsThese are all words for a person who is related to sb else, or a group of people who are related to each other. 这些词均表示亲人、亲属。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a relative / relation of mine, yours, his, etc.◆(a) close / near / distant relative / relation / kin◆the / sb's immediate family / relatives / relations◆(a) female / male relative / relation / kin◆a living / surviving relative / relation◆to have family / relatives / relations (in Australia, abroad, in the car trade, etc.)◆to stay with / visit family / relatives / relations◆friends and family / relatives / relations■ family [countable + singular or plural verb, uncountable] a group consisting of one or two parents, their children and other people who are related to them, for example grandparents, wives and husbands （大）家庭（包括父母、子女及近亲）◆All our family came to Grandad's eightieth birthday party.我们所有的亲属都来参加了祖父的八十寿宴。◆The support of family and friends is vital.亲友的支持极为重要。◆I always think of you as one of the family.我一直把你当成自家人。◆ (informal) She's family (= she is related to us).她是我们家的人。◆She grew up surrounded by a large extended family (= a family group that includes not only parents and children but also uncles, aunts, grandparents, etc.).她在一个大家族中长大。■ relative [countable] a person who is in the same family as sb else; a thing that belongs to the same group as sth else 亲戚；亲属；同类事物◆I have close relatives.我有近亲。◆She's looking after an elderly relative.她在照料一位年老的亲戚。◆The ibex is a distant relative of the mountain goat.北山羊与石山羊有较远的亲缘关系。▸ related

adjective

◆We're distantly related.我们是远亲。◆The llama is related to the camel.美洲驼和骆驼是亲缘物种。■ relation [countable] a person who is in the same family as sb else 亲戚；亲属◆She's a distant relation of mine.她是我的一位远亲。◆He's called Brady too, but we're no relation (= not related).他也叫布雷迪，但我们不是亲戚。◆Is he any relation to you?他是你的什么亲戚吗？NOTE 辨析 Relative or relation?Sometimes you can use either word. 这两个词有时可通用◆She's a distant relative / relation of mine.她是我的一位远亲。 Relative is often used when the exact relationship between the people is not known or does not matter. 人们之间的确切关系不详或不重要时，常用relative◆On his death, the house will pass to the nearest surviving relative (= whichever relative that happens to be).他死后，房子将传给在世的最近亲。 Relation is used especially when you are stating or asking the degree of relationship between people. * relation尤用于陈述或询问人们之间是何种程度的关系◆We're no relation.我们不是亲戚。◆What relation is Rita to you?丽塔是你的什么亲戚？It is also used, both literally and figuratively, in the phrase poor relation. * relation也用在短语poor relation中，有字面和比喻两层意思◆Our branch of the family was always regarded as the poor relations.我们家这一支总是被视为家族中的穷亲戚。◆ (figurative) He believes that interior design is the poor relation of (= inferior to) architecture.他认为室内设计的地位比不上建筑。 ■ kin [plural] (old-fashioned or formal) your family or your relatives （统称）家属，亲属，亲戚◆Marriage between close kin is prohibited.禁止近亲结婚。◆I'm her next of kin (= her closest living relative).我是她的直系亲属。ⓘ Kin is most often used in the expression next of kin. * kin最常用于短语next of kin（直系亲属；最近亲）中。■ connections [plural] people who are your relatives, but not members of your close family 亲戚；旁系亲属◆She is British but also has German connections.她是英国人，但也有德国亲戚。◆He has a whole network of family connections in Italy.他在意大利有一整张亲属关系网。family3

noun

 a family of four 四口之家the support of family and friends 亲友的支持The painting has been in our family for generations. 这幅画是我们家的传家宝。  ➡ See also the entry for background 另见background条family ♦︎ origin ♦︎ dynasty ♦︎ lineage ♦︎ blood ♦︎ descent ♦︎ ancestry ♦︎ birth ♦︎ pedigree ♦︎ roots ♦︎ parentageThese are words for all the people who are related to each other, including those who are dead. 这些词均表示家族。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆by origin / descent / birth◆to be of noble, Scottish, etc. origin / lineage / blood / descent / ancestry / birth / pedigree / parentage◆ethnic / racial / social / cultural origin / descent / ancestry / pedigree / roots◆African, Scottish, Italian, etc. family / origin / lineage / blood / descent / ancestry / roots / parentage◆(of) humble / lowly family / origins / birth / roots◆(of) noble family / origins / lineage / blood / descent / ancestry / birth◆(of) unknown origin / descent / parentage◆middle-class / working-class / peasant family / origins / roots◆to trace your family / origin / lineage / ancestry / pedigree / roots■ family [countable + singular or plural verb] all the people who are related to each other, including those who are now dead 家族◆Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years.有些家族在这个地区务农有几百年了。◆This painting has been in our family for generations.这幅画是我们家的传家宝。◆How far back can you trace your family tree (= a diagram that shows the relationship between members of a family over a long period of time)?你的家谱可以追溯到多少代？◆Heart disease runs in the family.这个家庭很多人有心脏病。■ origin [countable, uncountable] ( origins [plural]) a person's social and family background 身世；出身◆children of various ethnic origins各族裔的儿童◆people of German origin德裔民众◆a person's country of origin (= where they were born) 某人的出生国◆She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.她出身卑微，终成巨富。  see also origin ⇨ source ■ dynasty ˈdɪnəsti; NAmE ˈdaɪnəsti [countable] a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family; a period of years during which members of a particular family rule a country 王朝；朝代；朝；代◆the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty尼赫鲁—甘地王朝◆a Ming dynasty vase一只明代花瓶◆Eventually the dynasty was overthrown, and the country became a Republic.王朝最终被推翻，该国成为共和国。▸ dynastic dɪˈnæstɪk; NAmE daɪˈnæstɪk

adjective

 [usually before noun] ◆dynastic history王朝统治史■ lineage ˈlɪniɪdʒ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the series of families that sb is descended from, especially when these are families of high social position that go back a long way in history （尤指历史悠久、社会地位高的）世系，宗系，血统◆a French nobleman of ancient lineage出身于古老世家的法国贵族   see also line ⇨ series ■ blood [uncountable] (rather formal) family origins 血统；家世；出身◆She is of noble blood.她有贵族血统。◆There is some Polish blood on his father's side.他父亲一方有波兰血统。■ descent dɪˈsent [uncountable] (rather formal) family origins 血统；家世；出身◆people of West Indian descent祖籍西印度群岛的民众◆He traces his line of descent from the Stuart kings.他的家族可追溯到斯图亚特王朝。■ ancestry ˈænsestri [countable, usually singular, uncountable] (rather formal) family origins 血统；家世；出身◆His eyes owed their startling blueness to his Irish ancestry.爱尔兰祖先给了他一双碧蓝的眼睛。◆He was able to trace his ancestry back over 1 000 years.他可追祖溯宗至一千多年前。▸ ancestor

noun

 [countable] ◆His ancestors had come to America from Ireland.他的祖先从爱尔兰来到美国。◆a reptile that was the common ancestor of lizards and turtles作为蜥蜴和龟的共同始祖的一种爬行动物 OPP descendant ⇨ son NOTE 辨析 Blood, descent or ancestry?These are all rather formal ways of talking about sb's family origins. You trace your descent from sb, starting in the past and coming forward to the present; you trace your ancestry back to sb, starting with yourself and working back. Blood is used especially to emphasize either the high social position of sb's family, or the fact that sb is descended from a number of different families in different places. 这些词均为描述某人的血统、家世颇为正式的用语。trace one's descent from sb指对家世的追溯，从过去开始直至现在；trace one's ancestry back to sb指从自己开始回溯至先祖。blood尤用以强调某人的家族社会地位崇高，或强调某人的血统源自不同地域的几个不同家族◆of noble blood有贵族血统◆of mixed Chinese and Portuguese blood华裔和葡萄牙裔混血◆some Polish blood on his father's side他父系的波兰血统 ■ birth [uncountable] a person's origin or the social position of their family, especially when this is different from their current situation, or when they are of high social position （尤指与现在不同的或高贵的）出身，门第◆Anne was French by birth but lived most of her life in Italy.安妮在血统上是法国人，但大部分时间住在意大利。◆a woman of noble birth出身贵族的女子■ pedigree ˈpedɪgriː [countable, uncountable] a person's family history or the background of sth, especially when this is impressive （尤指显赫的）家史，门第，世系◆She was proud of her long pedigree.她为自己源远流长的家世而自豪。◆The product has a pedigree going back to the last century.该产品的渊源可追溯到上个世纪。■ roots [plural] the feelings or connections that you have with a place because you have lived there or your family came from there 根（指与出生地或原籍相关的情感或联系）◆I'm proud of my African roots.我为我的非洲血统感到骄傲。◆After 20 years in America, I still feel my roots are in Ireland.尽管在美国生活了20年，我还是觉得我的根在爱尔兰。  see also root ⇨ source ■ parentage ˈpeərəntɪdʒ; NAmE ˈperəntɪdʒ [uncountable] the origin of a person's parents and who they are 出身；世系；家世◆a young American of German parentage一个年轻的德裔美国人◆Nothing is known about her parentage and background.她的家世和来历不明。
IELTS BNC: 200 COCA: 147

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