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BNC: 79 COCA: 86
firstordinal number, determineruk/ˈfɜːst/ us/ˈfɝːst/

A1 (a person or thing) coming before all others in order, time, amount, quality, or importance第一（的）；首先；最初；首要（的）

This is my first visit to New York.这是我第一次到纽约。
I fell in love with him the first time I saw him.我对他一见钟情。
I'm always nervous for the first few minutes of an exam.考试开始的头几分钟我总是很紧张。
Today is the first (of August).今天是（8月）1号。
in the first place

B2 in or at the beginning (of a series of events)最初，原本

The trousers shrank when I washed them, but they weren't really big enough in the first place.这条长裤洗过后缩水了，但是它原本就不够大。
Thankfully, he wasn't hurt, but he never should have been there in the first place.谢天谢地他没受伤，但是他原本就不应该到那儿去。
in the first instance UK

as the first attempt or effort首先

Enquiries about the post should be addressed in the first instance to the personnel manager.询问职位事宜应该首先咨询人事经理。
first thing

at the earliest time in the day一大早

He said he'd call back first thing tomorrow.他说明天一大早他会回电话的。

More examples

You roll/throw the dice and whoever gets the highest score goes first.

Their first baby is due in January.

When did you first encounter these difficulties?

I was amazed to hear that Chris had won first prize.

Yesterday the company announced its first ever fall in profits.

Idiom(s)

be in the first flush of
first things first
firstadverbuk/ˈfɜːst/ us/ˈfɝːst/

A1 before all others in order, time, amount, quality, or importance第一，首先

Tom came first in the race.汤姆在比赛中获得第一。
Who finished first?谁先完成的？
If you get home first, can you feed the cat?你如果先到家，能喂一下猫吗？

B1 for the first time第一次，初次

When did you first meet each other?你们初次见面是什么时候？
The company was still very small when I first joined.我最初加入时，这家公司还很小。

A2 also firstly used at the beginning of a list of things you want to say or write首先（用于想说或想写的一连串事物的开头）

First, I want to thank my parents.首先，我要感谢我的父母。
First (of all) (= before anything else), I'd like to ask you a few questions.首先，我想问你几个问题。
First off (= before anything else), let me introduce myself.首先，我来介绍一下自己。

Idiom(s)

at first
come first
first among equals
first and foremost
first and last
first come, first served
put sb/sth first
firstnounuk/ˈfɜːst/ us/ˈfɝːst/

first noun THING/PERSON

B1 [ S ] the first person or thing to do or be something, or the first person or thing mentioned第一个（做某事的）人；头一件（发生或提及的）事

[ + to infinitive ] She was one of the first to arrive.她是第一批抵达的人之一。
He is the first (= very willing) to admit that much of his success is due to his good looks.他非常愿意承认，他的成功很大程度上归功于他帅气的外表。
Tonight sees the first of three documentaries about cancer.今晚播放有关癌症的三部纪录片中的第一部。
from the (very) first

from the beginning从一开始

I've opposed the proposal from the very first.我从一开始就反对那项提议。

first noun NEVER BEFORE

C2 [ S ] something that has never happened or been done before从未有过的事，开创先例的事

This new surgical technique is a first for (= has never been done before in) the hospital.这种外科手术新技术在这家医院是首次应用。

first noun QUALIFICATION

[ C ] UK also first-class degree the best possible undergraduate university degree you can get in the UK and some other countries（英国大学学位）最高成绩，优等成绩

She has a first in English from Newcastle University.她从纽卡斯尔大学毕业，获英语一级优等学位。

first noun VEHICLE

[ U ] also first gear (in a vehicle) the gear used when starting to drive forward or when driving up a steep hill（车辆的）第一挡，一挡

first noun BASEBALL

[ C usually singular ] informal → first base （同 first base）

BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first

noun¹

 1 ( first gear) lowest gear on a bicycle/vehicle自行車或汽車的最低擋VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION VERB + FIRST➤get into, move into, slam into掛上頭擋◇As he moved into first, the engine made a strange noise.他掛一擋時，發動機發出奇怪的噪聲。➤engage (formal) 掛上一擋◇She engaged first gear and pulled off.她掛上一擋把車開到路邊停下。➤put sth into把⋯掛上頭擋◇Put the car into first and pull off slowly.把車掛到頭擋駛向路邊慢慢停下來。➤find找到一擋位置◇It's very difficult to find first on this car.這輛車的一擋很難掛。PREPOSITION➤in first掛一擋◇I had to drive all the way home in first.我不得不掛一擋一路開車回家。
first

noun²

 2 (BrE) highest level of university degree大學中的優等成績ADJECTIVE | VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤double兩名學科獲優等成績◇She did Philosophy and English Literature and got a double first.她修了哲學和英國文學並且都獲得了優等成績。VERB + FIRST➤be awarded, gain, get, obtain獲得優等成績PREPOSITION➤first in⋯獲得優等◇He got a first in modern history.他的現代史得了優。
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first det., adj.
⇨ first (first impressions) ⇨ top (first prize) first

determiner

,

adjective

first ♦︎ initial ♦︎ original ♦︎ preliminary ♦︎ opening ♦︎ earliest ♦︎ primary ♦︎ introductory ♦︎ preparatoryThese words all describe sth that happens or exists at the beginning. 这些词均表示最初的、开始的、最早的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆preliminary / preparatory to sth◆the first / initial / preliminary / opening / earliest / primary / introductory / preparatory stage◆first / initial / original / preliminary / opening / introductory remarks◆a first / an initial / an original / a preliminary estimate / draft / version◆the first / initial / preliminary / introductory / preparatory meeting◆a first / an initial / a preliminary step / appointment / visit◆the first / opening / introductory chapter / paragraph◆the initial / the original / a preliminary / a preparatory study◆the initial / original / preliminary findings■ first

determiner

(of a person or thing) happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1st 第一◆his first wife他的第一任妻子◆King Richard I (= said as 'King Richard the First') 英王理查一世◆It was the first time they had ever met.这是他们初次见面。◆She resolved to do it at the first opportunity.她决定一有机会就去做。◆First impressions can be misleading.最初的印象有时会误导人。◆You can have first choice of all the rooms.所有房间由你优先挑选。◆We're having chicken for the first course.我们的第一道菜是鸡肉。OPP last ⇨ last 1 , last ⇨ last 2 ▸ first

adverb

◆First I had to decide what to wear.首先我得决定穿什么。◆Who came first in the race (= who won)?赛跑谁得第一？▸ at first

idiom

◆At first I thought she was joking but then I realized she meant it.起先我以为她在开玩笑，但随后意识到她是认真的。◆I didn't like the job much at first.起初我并不太喜欢这个工作。■ initial ɪˈnɪʃl [only before noun] happening at the beginning; first 最初的；开始的；第一的◆My initial reaction was to decline the offer.我最初的反应是想要谢绝这个提议。◆It is the initial preparation that takes the time.花时间的是最初的准备工作。◆There is an initial payment of £60 followed by ten instalments of £25.首期付款60英镑，接下来还有十次25英镑的分期付款。ⓘ Initial is used especially to talk about a reaction or feeling that does not last very long * initial尤用以描述持续时间不太长的反应或感觉◆By 1960 the initial optimism had evaporated.到1960年时，最初的乐观主义已经消失了。◆sb's initial response / impression / instinct / shock / surprise / enthusiasm / euphoria / excitement / scepticism / reluctance某人最初的反应／印象／本能／震惊／惊诧／热情／兴奋／激动／怀疑／不情愿; about a stage in a process 还可形容过程中的一个阶段◆the initial stage / phase / step / planning / preparation初始阶段／时期；第一步；最初的计划／准备; or about paying or spending money. 亦可描述付款或花费◆the initial investment / payment / outlay首期投资／付款；初期项目经费 OPP final ⇨ last 1 ▸ initially

adverb

◆My contract is initially for three years.我的合同最初订了三年。◆Initially, the system worked well.开始时系统运转良好。■ original [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity, especially before being changed into sth else 原来的，起初的，原本的（尤指后来发生了变化）◆The room still has many of its original features.房间还保留着当初的许多特点。◆I think you should go back to your original plan.我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。▸ originally

adverb

◆The school was originally very small.这所学校一开始很小。◆He comes originally from Peru.他原本来自秘鲁。■ preliminary prɪˈlɪmɪnəri; NAmE prɪˈlɪmɪnerihappening before a more important action or event, especially by introducing or preparing for it 预备性的；初步的；前期的◆After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners.说了几句开场白后，他即宣布优胜者名单。◆This is just a pilot study preliminary to a full-scale study.这只是进行全面研究之前的试验性研究。■ opening [only before noun](especially of sth that sb says or writes, or a piece of music, etc.) happening at the beginning （尤指讲话或文字作品、乐曲等）开始的，开篇的◆She was humming the opening bars of a song she had heard on the radio.她正哼着在收音机里听过的一首歌的开头几句。◆United scored in the opening minutes of the game.比赛一开场没几分钟联队就得分了。OPP closing ⇨ last 1   see also opening ⇨ start noun , open ⇨ begin verb ■ earliest the nearest to the beginning of an event or period of time 最早的◆The earliest description of this species dates from 1816.对这一物种最早的描述可以追溯到1816年。◆The earliest possible date I can make is the third.我能定下来的最早的日期是3号。■ primary ˈpraɪməri; NAmE ˈpraɪmeri [usually before noun] (formal or technical 术语) developing or happening first; earliest 最初的；最早的◆The disease is still in its primary stage.这病尚处于初始阶段。◆It is not self-evident what the primary causes of this phenomenon are.这种现象最初的原因是什么，并非显而易见。  see also primary ⇨ main ■ introductory ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri written or said at the beginning of sth as an introduction to what follows; intended as an introduction to a subject or activity for people who have never done it before 引导的；介绍的；入门的◆The booklist at the end of the chapter contains some introductory reading on the subject.章节末尾的书单列出了一些有关该主题的导读材料。◆I took an introductory class in psychology during my first year at college.我大学一年级时修了一门心理学基础课程。   see also introduction ⇨ basics , introduction ⇨ introduction 2 ■ preparatory prɪˈpærətri; NAmE prɪˈpærətɔːri [only before noun] (especially BrE, formal) done in order to prepare for sth 预备的；作准备的◆After a few preparatory drawings, she completed the portrait in one session.试画了几幅之后，她一气呵成地完成了这幅肖像。◆Security checks had been carried out preparatory to (= to prepare for) the President's visit.为迎接总统来访，已预先进行了安全检查。   see also preparation ⇨ planning , prepare ⇨ prepare 1 , prepare ⇨ prepare 2
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first
Before a time or event: before, first, early...
Inventors, innovators and creators: creative commons, engineer, the first...
Surprises and shocking events: surprise, shock, blow...
From or at the beginning: original, initial, early...
Words used for saying that something is important: essentially, importantly, basically...
Best: best, ideal, first class...
Degrees and other academic qualifications: 2.1, 2.2, A.A....
Relating to cars and other road vehicles: the AA, auto, automobile...

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