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BNC: 2 COCA: 2
beverbukstrong /biː/ weak /bi/ weak /bɪ/ usstrong /biː/ weak /bi/ weak /bɪ/ being, was, were, been

be verb DESCRIPTION

A1 [ L ] used to say something about a person, thing, or state, to show a permanent or temporary quality, state, job, etc.（用来说明人、事物或状态，表示性质、状态、工作等）

He is rich.他很富有。
It's cold today.今天天冷。
I'm Andy.我叫安迪。
That's all for now.现在到此结束。
What do you want to be (= what job do you want to do) when you grow up?你长大后想做什么？
These books are (= cost) $3 each.这些书每本3美元。
Being afraid of the dark, she always slept with the light on.她怕黑，总是开着灯睡觉。
Never having been ill himself, he wasn't a sympathetic listener.他自己从未生过病，所以听到别人的病情时并不怎么同情。
Be quiet!安静！
[ + -ing verb ] The problem is deciding what to do.问题在于要决定干什么。
[ + to infinitive ] The hardest part will be to find a replacement.最困难的就是找代替者。
[ + that ] The general feeling is that she should be asked to leave.大家普遍认为她应该被辞退。
It's not that I don't like her - it's just that we rarely agree on anything!并不是我不喜欢她，只是我们看法很少相同！

A1 [ I usually + adv/prep ] used to show the position of a person or thing in space or time（表示时间或方位）

The food was already on the table.食品已经摆在桌上了。
Is anyone there?那儿有人吗？
The meeting is now (= will happen) next Tuesday.会议将于下周二召开。
There's a hair in my soup.我的汤里有根头发。

[ L ] used to show what something is made of由…组成（或制成）

Is this plate pure gold?这个盘子是纯金的吗？

More examples

Don't be so cheeky!

Our solicitors have advised that the costs could be enormous.

You have to go to college for a lot of years if you want to be a doctor.

Come along - we don't want to be late!

Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of citrus fruit.

be verb ALLOW

[ + to infinitive ] formal used to say that someone should or must do something应该，必须

You're to sit in the corner and keep quiet.你要坐在角落里，保持安静。
Their mother said they were not to (= not allowed to) play near the river.妈妈告诉他们不准在河边玩。
There's no money left - what are we to do?没有钱了——我们该怎么办？

More examples

You are not to come downstairs until you have tidied up your room.

Tell her she is not to open the door to any strangers.

You are never to use rude language like that in my house, do you understand?

I've made it clear to the visitors that they are not to touch any of the machinery.

The school rules state that no child is to leave the school premises during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.

be verb FUTURE

[ + to infinitive ] formal used to show that something will happen in the future将，将要

We are to (= we are going to) visit Australia in the spring.我们春天将去澳大利亚。
She was never to see (= she never saw) her brother again.她此后再也没有见过她的弟弟。

[ + to infinitive ] used in conditional sentences to say what might happen（用于条件句中，表示可能）万一，假如

If I were to refuse they'd be very annoyed.如果我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。
formal Were I to refuse they'd be very annoyed.倘若我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。

More examples

The four soldiers are to receive citations from the president for their brave actions.

The three largest banks are to raise their interest rates.

The government is to spend millions of dollars on combating drug abuse.

If the company were to offer him more money, he might not leave.

After they've finishing painting the hall, they are to start on the living room.

be verb CAN

[ + to infinitive ] used to say what can happen能够

The exhibition of modern prints is currently to be seen at the City Gallery.现在去市美术馆可以看到现代版画展。

be verb EXIST

[ I ] to exist or live存在，生存

formal Such terrible suffering should never be.这种苦难绝不应该存在。
old use or literary By the time the letter reached them their sister had ceased to be (= had died).当信件到他们手上时，他们的姐姐已经去世了。

Phrasal verb(s)

be in for sth
beauxiliary verbukstrong /biː/ /bi/ /bɪ/ us/biː/ /bi/ /bɪ/ being, was, were, been

be auxiliary verb CONTINUE

A2 [ + -ing verb ] used with the present participle of other verbs to describe actions that are or were still continuing（与动词的现在分词连用，表示动作正在进行）正在，在

I'm still eating.我还在吃饭。
She's studying to be a lawyer.她在学习，将来想当律师。
The audience clearly wasn't enjoying the show.观众显然不喜欢这个节目。
You're always complaining.你总是在抱怨。
I'll be coming back (= I plan to come back) on Tuesday.我将于周二回来。

More examples

Long hair on men seems to be coming back into fashion.

I am embroidering this picture for my mother.

The police are carrying out spot checks on drivers over the Christmas period to test for alcohol levels.

Police are still looking for clues in their search for the missing girl.

The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.

be auxiliary verb PASSIVE

A2 [ + past participle ] used with the past participle of other verbs to form the passive（与动词的过去分词连用，表示被动）被

I'd like to go but I haven't been asked.我倒是想去，但没有受到邀请。
Troublemakers are encouraged to leave.闹事者被力劝赶快离开。
A body has been discovered by the police.警察发现了一具尸体。

More examples

Hospitals need to be kept spotlessly clean.

After my aunt died, we arranged for her house to be cleared .

They're advising that children be kept out of the sun altogether.

Your shoes will be repaired and ready for you to collect on Thursday.

The first election results are expected around 1 a.m.

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