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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
toughadjectiveuk/tʌf/ us/tʌf/

tough adjective STRONG

B2 strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated结实的；坚固的；坚强的

These toys are made from tough plastic.这些玩具是由结实的塑料制成的。
Children's shoes need to be tough.童鞋必须结实。
You have to be tough to be successful in politics.要在政界取得成功就必须坚强。
informal Their lawyer is a real tough customer/nut (= person).他们的律师真是很有主见。

C2 strong and determined强硬的；严厉的

Tough new safety standards have been introduced for cars.汽车生产采用了更加严格的新安全标准。
There have been calls for tougher controls/restrictions on what online retailers are allowed to sell.一直有人呼吁要对网上零售商出售的商品种类严加控制／限制。
After some tough bargaining, we finally agreed on a deal.经过艰苦的讨价还价，我们最终达成了一笔交易。
I think it's time the police got tougher on/with (= treated more severely) people who drink and drive.我觉得警方该对酒后驾车者采取更加严厉的措施。
The government is continuing to take a tough line on terrorism.政府继续对恐怖主义采取强硬的态度。

More examples

I can't eat this meat - it's too tough.

Polyurethane varnish provides a tough, scratch-resistant finish.

We need a mayor who is tough enough to clean up this town.

You'll need some fairly tough footwear to go walking up mountains.

Several governments have adopted tough new anti-terrorist legislation in the wake of the attacks.

tough adjective DIFFICULT

B2 difficult to do or to deal with困难的；棘手的

They've had an exceptionally tough life.他们的一生异常艰苦。
They will be a tough team to beat.他们会是一支很难战胜的队伍。
The company is going through a tough time at the moment.公司现在正值困难时期。
We've had to make some very tough decisions.我们不得不作出了一些很艰难的决定。
My boss has given me a tough job/assignment.我的老板给了我一个棘手的活儿／任务。
Many homeless people are facing a tough winter.许多无家可归者正面临严冬的考验。

More examples

It's been a tough six months and I feel I've earned a few weeks off.

We'll have to make some tough decisions - there are no easy options.

It's going to be a tough competition but I'm mentally prepared for it.

This course is really tough, - sometimes I feeling like packing it all in.

Now I'm going to ask you a really tough question - are you ready?

tough adjective FOOD

B2 Tough food is difficult to cut or eat.（食物）老的，不易切开的，嚼不动的

This steak is very tough.这块牛排很不好嚼。
These apples have tough skins.这些苹果的皮很老。

tough adjective VIOLENT

likely to be violent or to contain violence; not kind or pleasant粗鲁的；暴力的；不友善的

a tough neighbourhood治安很差的社区
Many of the country's toughest criminals are held in this prison.这个国家最凶残的罪犯有许多都关在这座监狱里。

tough adjective UNLUCKY

C2 informal unlucky不幸的，倒霉的

"I have to work late today because I'm very behind on my work." "Oh, tough luck!"“我今天必须加班，因为落下了许多活儿。”“哦，真倒霉！”
It's tough on Geoff that he's going to miss the party.杰弗真倒霉，他要错过这次聚会了。

informal sometimes used to show that you have no sympathy for someone's problems or difficulties活该（表示不同情）

"I don't have any money left." "Well, (that's just) tough - you shouldn't have spent it all on cigarettes."“我的钱都花光了。”“哼，活该——你不该把钱都拿来买烟。”

Idiom(s)

it's tough at the top
(as) tough as old boots
tough luck
toughnoun [ C ]uk/tʌf/ us/tʌf/ also toughie old-fashioned informal

a violent person粗暴的人；暴徒

Bands of armed toughs roamed the city.几群持有武器的暴徒在这座城市里游荡。

More examples

There are some pretty tough children in his class.

He worked for a group of tough masters.

His bosses were really tough.

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