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BNC: 2 COCA: 2
beverbukstrong /biː/ weak /bi/ weak /bɪ/ usstrong /biː/ weak /bi/ weak /bɪ/ being, was, were, been

be verb DESCRIPTION

A1 [ L ] used to say something about a person, thing, or state, to show a permanent or temporary quality, state, job, etc.（用来说明人、事物或状态，表示性质、状态、工作等）

He is rich.他很富有。
It's cold today.今天天冷。
I'm Andy.我叫安迪。
That's all for now.现在到此结束。
What do you want to be (= what job do you want to do) when you grow up?你长大后想做什么？
These books are (= cost) $3 each.这些书每本3美元。
Being afraid of the dark, she always slept with the light on.她怕黑，总是开着灯睡觉。
Never having been ill himself, he wasn't a sympathetic listener.他自己从未生过病，所以听到别人的病情时并不怎么同情。
Be quiet!安静！
[ + -ing verb ] The problem is deciding what to do.问题在于要决定干什么。
[ + to infinitive ] The hardest part will be to find a replacement.最困难的就是找代替者。
[ + that ] The general feeling is that she should be asked to leave.大家普遍认为她应该被辞退。
It's not that I don't like her - it's just that we rarely agree on anything!并不是我不喜欢她，只是我们看法很少相同！

A1 [ I usually + adv/prep ] used to show the position of a person or thing in space or time（表示时间或方位）

The food was already on the table.食品已经摆在桌上了。
Is anyone there?那儿有人吗？
The meeting is now (= will happen) next Tuesday.会议将于下周二召开。
There's a hair in my soup.我的汤里有根头发。

[ L ] used to show what something is made of由…组成（或制成）

Is this plate pure gold?这个盘子是纯金的吗？

More examples

Don't be so cheeky!

Our solicitors have advised that the costs could be enormous.

You have to go to college for a lot of years if you want to be a doctor.

Come along - we don't want to be late!

Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of citrus fruit.

be verb ALLOW

[ + to infinitive ] formal used to say that someone should or must do something应该，必须

You're to sit in the corner and keep quiet.你要坐在角落里，保持安静。
Their mother said they were not to (= not allowed to) play near the river.妈妈告诉他们不准在河边玩。
There's no money left - what are we to do?没有钱了——我们该怎么办？

More examples

You are not to come downstairs until you have tidied up your room.

Tell her she is not to open the door to any strangers.

You are never to use rude language like that in my house, do you understand?

I've made it clear to the visitors that they are not to touch any of the machinery.

The school rules state that no child is to leave the school premises during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.

be verb FUTURE

[ + to infinitive ] formal used to show that something will happen in the future将，将要

We are to (= we are going to) visit Australia in the spring.我们春天将去澳大利亚。
She was never to see (= she never saw) her brother again.她此后再也没有见过她的弟弟。

[ + to infinitive ] used in conditional sentences to say what might happen（用于条件句中，表示可能）万一，假如

If I were to refuse they'd be very annoyed.如果我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。
formal Were I to refuse they'd be very annoyed.倘若我拒绝，他们会很气恼的。

More examples

The four soldiers are to receive citations from the president for their brave actions.

The three largest banks are to raise their interest rates.

The government is to spend millions of dollars on combating drug abuse.

If the company were to offer him more money, he might not leave.

After they've finishing painting the hall, they are to start on the living room.

be verb CAN

[ + to infinitive ] used to say what can happen能够

The exhibition of modern prints is currently to be seen at the City Gallery.现在去市美术馆可以看到现代版画展。

be verb EXIST

[ I ] to exist or live存在，生存

formal Such terrible suffering should never be.这种苦难绝不应该存在。
old use or literary By the time the letter reached them their sister had ceased to be (= had died).当信件到他们手上时，他们的姐姐已经去世了。

Phrasal verb(s)

be in for sth
beauxiliary verbukstrong /biː/ /bi/ /bɪ/ us/biː/ /bi/ /bɪ/ being, was, were, been

be auxiliary verb CONTINUE

A2 [ + -ing verb ] used with the present participle of other verbs to describe actions that are or were still continuing（与动词的现在分词连用，表示动作正在进行）正在，在

I'm still eating.我还在吃饭。
She's studying to be a lawyer.她在学习，将来想当律师。
The audience clearly wasn't enjoying the show.观众显然不喜欢这个节目。
You're always complaining.你总是在抱怨。
I'll be coming back (= I plan to come back) on Tuesday.我将于周二回来。

More examples

Long hair on men seems to be coming back into fashion.

I am embroidering this picture for my mother.

The police are carrying out spot checks on drivers over the Christmas period to test for alcohol levels.

Police are still looking for clues in their search for the missing girl.

The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.

be auxiliary verb PASSIVE

A2 [ + past participle ] used with the past participle of other verbs to form the passive（与动词的过去分词连用，表示被动）被

I'd like to go but I haven't been asked.我倒是想去，但没有受到邀请。
Troublemakers are encouraged to leave.闹事者被力劝赶快离开。
A body has been discovered by the police.警察发现了一具尸体。

More examples

Hospitals need to be kept spotlessly clean.

After my aunt died, we arranged for her house to be cleared .

They're advising that children be kept out of the sun altogether.

Your shoes will be repaired and ready for you to collect on Thursday.

The first election results are expected around 1 a.m.

BNC: 2 COCA: 2
BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be verb
⇨ be (Three and three is six.) ⇨ cost (How much is that dress?) be

linking verb

be ♦︎ total ♦︎ equal ♦︎ add up to sth ♦︎ amount to sth ♦︎ number ♦︎ run to sthThese words all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amounts have been added together. 这些词均表示总计、总和等于。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / number / run to 50 / 2 million, etc.◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / run to $250 / 75%◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to about / around / approximately sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to nearly / almost / over / more than / at least sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number fewer than / no more than sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to less than sth◆to total / amount to / number / run to some 50, 300, pages, pieces, etc.◆profits / scores total / add up to / amount to sth◆income totals / adds up to / amounts to sth◆a / an group / crowd / army totals / numbers 25, 1000, etc.■ be to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆Three and three is six.三加三等于六。◆How much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？◆Let x be the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。■ total (-ll-, NAmE -l-) (especially business 尤用于商业) to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总数达；共计◆Imports totalled $1.5 billion last year.去年的进口总额达15亿元。◆In 2005-6, college enrolments totalled some 5 400.2005至2006学年大学招生总数约为5 400人。   see also total ⇨ whole adj. ■ equal (-ll-, NAmE -l-)to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆2x plus y equals 7 (2x+y=7) 2x加y等于7。◆A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。   see also equal ⇨ equal adj. NOTE 辨析 Be or equal?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆Three and three is / equals six.三加三等于六。◆Let x be / equal the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。However, equal is not usually used in questions. 不过，equal通常不用于疑问句中◆How much does a thousand pounds equal in Euros? It is slightly more formal than be and is usually only used in exact sums. * equal比be稍正式，通常只用于表示确切的数目◆A metre is about / around / approximately 40 inches.1米约等于40英寸。◆A metre equals about/around/approximately 40 inches. ■ ˌadd ˈup to sth

phrasal verb

to make a total amount or number of sth 总共是；总计为◆The numbers add up to exactly 100.这些数字的总和恰好是100。◆Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970.他们的收入分别是250英镑、300英镑和420英镑，共计970英镑。■ aˈmount to sth

phrasal verb

to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总计为；共计◆His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.据说他每年的酬金高达30万英镑。■ number to make a particular number when added together 总计；共计；数以⋯计◆The crowd numbered more than a thousand.聚集的人群共计一千多人。◆We numbered 20 (= there were 20 of us in the group).我们总共20人。NOTE 辨析 Total, add up to sth, amount to sth or number? Add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a total through mathematics or counting; total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result. Total and amount to sth are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company or industry. Number usually has people as the subject of the sentence; total is the only other verb that can be used like this. * add up to和number强调通过计算得出总数的过程； total和amount to sth更着重于得出的数目或数量，而非计算的过程。total和amount to sth尤用于描述公司或产业业绩的商业写作中。number的主语通常是人，本组同义词中只有total也可这么用◆The crew totalled / numbered sixteen.机组人员共计十六人。◆The crew added up to/amounted to sixteen. ■ ˈrun to sth

phrasal verb

to be of a particular size or amount, especially when this is surprisingly large 达到，有（尤指惊人的规模或数量）◆The book runs to nearly 800 pages.这本书有近800页。◆The cost of repairing damaged roads alone will run to £1 million.单是修复损毁道路的花费就将达到100万英镑。
BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be
Auxiliary verbs: be, do, have...
Linking verbs: appear, be, become...
To exist: exist, operate, live...

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