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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471
harsh adj.
harsh (a harsh winter) hoarse (a harsh voice) strict (harsh criticism) strong3 (harsh bright colours)
harsh

adjective

harsh ♦︎ severe ♦︎ hard ♦︎ bleakThese words all describe weather conditions which are not pleasant or are difficult to live in. 这些词均表示天气恶劣的、严酷的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配a harsh / severe / hard / bleak winterharsh / severe weather / conditionsa harsh / severe climatea severe / hard frost harsh (of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in (天气或生活条件)恶劣的,艰苦的These plants will not grow in this harsh climate.这些植物不能在这样恶劣的气候条件下生长。He stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面,在刺眼的阳光下直眨眼睛。Life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因条件恶劣预期寿命极短。OPP mild sunny severe (of weather) very unpleasant and/or dangerous (天气)极为恶劣的,危险的Severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity.恶劣的天气状况可能导致用电需求增加。A severe storm blew the ship off course.强风暴致使船偏离了航道。 hard [usually before noun](of weather) very cold and severe (天气)严寒的,凛冽的There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷有霜。 bleak bliːk (of weather) very cold and unpleasant (天气)阴冷的She left on a bleak November day.她在11月份一个阴冷的日子离开了。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Harsh weather or conditions make living physically difficult; harsh is used especially when these conditions exist all the time in a place or last for a long time. Severe weather may last only a short time, but can cause immediate danger, not just difficulty over a longer period. Hard typically describes a winter (= harsh) or a frost (= making the ground very hard). Bleak describes a time, such as a day or a winter, that makes you feel depressed, whether or not life is physically difficult. * harsh修饰天气或状况时指生活条件艰苦,尤指某地终年或长期生活条件恶劣;severe修饰天气时,不仅指由于天气长期恶劣而不便,也指会在短时间内造成直接危害;hard常描述winter,指严冬,或描述frost,指霜冻。bleak与day或winter等表示一段时期的词搭配,指使人感到情绪低落,与生活条件艰苦与否无关。

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