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IELTS BNC: 846 COCA: 1752
duty

noun¹

 1sth that you have to do because it is right or expected義務ADJECTIVE | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤contractual, legal, statutory (especially BrE) 合同／法律／法定義務◇Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose.零售商有為他們提供符合要求的貨物的法定義務。➤fiduciary信義義務◇the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders公司對其股東所負的信義義務➤constitutional (especially NAmE) 憲法義務▸➤general, primary基本義務；主要責任◇the general duty of the police to preserve the peace警察維持治安的基本職責➤professional職責▸➤civic, public公民義務；公共義務◇I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我認為投票選舉是我作為公民的義務。➤patriotic愛國義務➤Christian, religious基督徒的責任；宗教義務▸➤family, filial, parental家庭責任；子女應盡的義務；父母的責任▸➤ethical, moral倫理責任；道德上的義務◇He felt it was his moral duty to help others.他覺得幫助他人是他道義上的責任。➤absolute, bounden (formal) , sacred, solemn, sworn絕對的／義不容辭的／神聖的／莊嚴的／誓約的義務◇I feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her.我覺得盡力幫助她是我義不容辭的責任。VERB + DUTY➤have, owe (law法律) 有責任；有義務◇You have a legal duty to take reasonable care.你有適當注意的法律義務。◇The company owes a duty of care to all its customers.公司有義務照顧好所有顧客。➤carry out, do, fulfil/fulfill, meet, perform履行義務；盡責任◇I suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我們最好還是履行義務，報道此事故。◇She felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son.她認為給他生了個兒子就已經盡了責任。➤fail in未盡責任◇He had failed in his duty to his daughter.他對女兒未盡到責任。➤breach, violate失職；違反義務◇She had violated her legal duty of confidentiality.她違反了保密的法律義務。➤avoid, neglect, shirk免負責任；疏忽職守；逃避責任◇I'd be shirking my duty if I didn't warn him.如果我沒有對他提出警告，那就是逃避責任。➤abandon放棄責任◇I can't abandon my duty.我不能放棄我的責任。➤assign, charge sb with, impose分配任務；讓某人承擔責任；賦予責任◇It was a duty imposed by her father.那是她父親給她的責任。➤assume, take on承擔責任◇He took on the duty of maintaining the family home.他承擔了養家的責任。DUTY + VERB➤call公務在身◇I wanted to stop and chat, but duty called and I went back to the office.我想停下來聊會兒，但由於公務在身，我又回到了辦公室。PREPOSITION➤under a/the duty有義務◇You are under a statutory duty to keep accurate records.你有做好準確記錄的法定義務。➤duty of⋯的義務；⋯的責任◇It's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team.我們當中的每個人都有義務為團隊盡最大努力。◇They have a duty of confidentiality.他們有保密的責任。➤duty to, duty towards/toward對⋯的責任◇They have a duty to their parents to work hard.他們有為了父母而努力工作的責任。PHRASES➤a breach of duty失職◇It was a clear breach of professional duty.那是明顯的失職行為。➤do your duty by sb為某人盡職◇You feel that you have to do your duty by your children.你感到必須對你的孩子盡責任。➤be duty bound to do sth做⋯義不容辭◇An employer is not duty bound to provide a reference when an employee leaves.雇員離職時雇主沒有必須出具推薦信的義務。➤(above and) beyond the call of duty超出了職責◇The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他在幫助新雇員方面投入的時間超出了他的職責要求。➤duty done盡到責任◇She put down the phone and went out, her duty done.她放下電話走了出去，已經盡到了責任。➤feel it your duty to do sth認為做⋯是自己的責任◇I felt it my duty to go to the police.我認為向警方報案是我的責任。➤in breach of a duty (formal, especially BrE) 違反義務◇It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided.裁決認為傷者未佩戴提供的安全裝備是沒有盡到義務。➤a sense of duty責任感◇I did it out of a sense of duty.出於責任感我才這麼做。
duty

noun²

 2tasks that you do when you are at work職責ADJECTIVE | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | DUTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤light輕鬆的工作◇When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties.我病瘉重新工作，給安排了較輕鬆的工作。➤onerous (especially BrE) 繁重的工作▸➤day, night白班；夜班◇At 10.45 p.m. she reported for night duty.晚上 10 點 45 分她報到值夜班。➤combat, escort, guard, occupation, patrol, peacekeeping, point, sentry戰鬥任務；護衞工作；警衞工作；職責；巡邏任務；維和任務；（崗位）執勤；放哨◇The troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties.軍隊在這裏執行維和任務。◇The traffic lights were not working so there was a policeman on point duty.交通信號燈壞了，所以有一個警察在執勤指揮。➤active, inactive (in the military軍事) 現役／非現役◇He's been suspended from active duty.他被暫停服役。➤daily, regular, routine日常工作；例行工作➤temporary臨時職務➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職任務▸➤official公務職責▸➤administrative, operational, professional, teaching行政／業務／專業／教學工作▸➤domestic, household家務活兒◇My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家務活兒並不很繁重。➤kitchen廚房工作◇He was on kitchen duty.他負責廚房工作。➤assigned分配的任務◇He was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health.因為健康不佳，他無法完成指派的任務。➤military軍事任務➤jury (especially NAmE) 陪審員義務◇Several years ago I was called for jury duty.幾年前我被要求擔任過陪審員。➤double (especially NAmE) 雙重職責◇The regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer.這位新聞節目主持人還同時兼做撰稿人。VERB + DUTY➤have有任務◇The members of staff each have their own duties.每個職員都有各自的任務。➤pull (NAmE, informal) 值勤◇Sergeant Wilson had pulled parking-lot duty.威爾遜警官曾在停車場值勤。➤see (military軍事) 執行任務◇veterans who saw combat duty in Vietnam經歷過越戰的老兵➤carry out, complete, discharge, do, execute, perform, undertake執行任務；完成任務；履行職責◇She was unable to carry out her duties because she was too ill.她因為病得厲害沒能完成任務。➤handle (especially NAmE) 處理任務◇The company prefers to handle translation duties in-house.這家公司更願意在公司內部處理翻譯任務。➤come on, go on, report for開始上班；值班；報到上班◇Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty.他沒有報到上班，同事們產生了懷疑。➤come off, go off下班；卸任◇What time do you go off duty?你什麼時候下班？➤avoid, neglect, shirk瀆職；逃避職責◇He was accused of neglecting his professional duties.他被指控瀆職。➤resume, return to複職；重新回到工作崗位◇He leaves the hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month.他明天出院，預計下個月初重新開始工作。➤relinquish放棄責任▸➤be released from獲許暫停工作◇Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital.她兒子獲准放下在部隊的工作到醫院來看望她。➤be relieved of, be suspended from被解除職務；暫停職務◇When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain.他沒有參加訓練，被免除了隊長職務。➤share, split (especially NAmE) 分擔責任◇I share the cooking duties with Bell.我和貝爾分擔做飯的任務。DUTY + VERB➤fall to sb工作歸某人負責◇The cleaning duties now fell to Rachel.清掃工作現在歸蕾切爾負責。DUTY + NOUN➤manager, officer值班經理／警官◇the supermarket's senior duty manager超市的高級值班經理◇He went to the police station and spoke to the duty officer.他去警察局找了那個值班警員。➤doctor, nurse (both especially BrE) 值班醫生；值班護士➤station (NAmE) 勤務地◇The soldier was sent to his new duty station.該士兵被派往他的新勤務地。➤assignment (NAmE) 任務分配◇He has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities.他志願臨時執行反恐活動的任務。PREPOSITION➤off duty下班◇I'm off duty tomorrow night.我明天晚上不用值班。➤on duty值班◇You're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty.值班時不准喝酒。PHRASES➤the execution of your duties, the performance of your duties職責的履行◇The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty.你在執行任務過程中受傷，公司須負責任。
duty

noun³

 3tax稅ADJECTIVE | ... OF DUTY | VERB + DUTY | DUTY + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤heavy, high重稅；高額稅◇the heavy duty on cigarettes對香煙徵收的重稅➤low低稅▸➤customs, excise, export, import海關關稅；消費稅；出口稅；進口稅◇excise duty on spirits對烈酒徵收的消費稅➤alcohol, fuel, tobacco, etc. (all BrE) 酒稅、燃油稅、煙草稅等◇Tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government.煙草稅是政府收入的一個重要來源。➤death (BrE, old-fashioned) 遺產稅➤stamp (= a tax in the UK on some legal documents) 印花稅◇The bank will urge ministers to raise the 1% stamp duty threshold.該行將會敦促大臣們提高百分之一印花稅的起徵點。... OF DUTY➤amount稅額◇We tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay.我們估計了一下我們應繳納的稅額。VERB + DUTY➤impose, slap on sb/sth徵稅；突然對⋯徵稅◇They are going to slap duty on foreign cars.他們將對外國轎車徵稅。➤increase, put up, raise加稅◇They're going to put up the duty on tobacco.他們將提高煙草稅。➤cut, lower, reduce減稅；降稅▸➤pay納稅▸➤avoid, evade避稅；逃稅◇They claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty.他們聲稱這酒是供個人飲用的，以此來逃稅。➤be liable to有納稅義務◇Perfume is liable to import duty.進口香水應納進口稅。➤be exempt from免稅◇Beer for personal use is exempt from duty.供個人飲用的啤酒免稅。DUTY + VERB➤be payable (BrE) 稅應繳◇There will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate.還將會有用適用稅率計算的應繳印花稅。PREPOSITION➤in duty⋯方面的稅◇By changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty.更換供貨商後，這個公司省下了數千英鎊的進口稅。➤duty on對⋯徵的稅◇You have to pay duty on all electrical goods.所有的電氣產品都要納稅。

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